A new genus and species of uncertain phylogenetic position within the family Hydrobiidae (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea) discovered in Tunisian springs

Khalloufi, Noureddine; Béjaoui, M.; Delicado, Diana

doi:10.5852/ejt.2017.328

Cited by 505 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In fact, although few widespread hydrobiids exist (e.g. Hershler, Thompson, & Liu, ), there is genetic evidence that some of these taxa actually consist of a complex of cryptic, geographically limited species (Delicado & Ramos, ; Hershler, Liu, et al., ; Hershler, Ratcliffe, et al., ; Liu, Hershler, & Clift, ; Wilke & Pfenninger, ), with a few being old, unique phylogenetic clades (Khalloufi, Béjaoui, & Delicado, ). Further phylogeographic studies are therefore needed to reappraise the taxonomic status of several hydrobiid species and to identify targets for conservation strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global species richness of hydrobiid snails determined by climate and evolutionary history

et al. 2018

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Efforts to describe spatial patterns of freshwater diversity and to evaluate their underlying factors have traditionally been focused on some animal groups (e.g. amphibians, fish or dragonflies). Despite being a dominant component in continental aquatic ecosystems and crucial for determining priority areas for conservation, broad‐scale data on gastropod total species, endemic and threatened species richness are limited. Based on these biodiversity indices, we identify global hotspots, extinction risk along the elevational gradient and the drivers of species richness patterns in the largest group of freshwater gastropods, the family Hydrobiidae. Given the strong dependency to a nonmarine aquatic environment, the observed richness patterns of extant hydrobiid species could be significantly influenced by large‐scale geography and dispersal processes as well as climatic conditions affecting continental ecosystems. Therefore, we tested several predictions for species richness derived from ecological and evolutionary hypotheses postulated for other freshwater groups. Based on a comprehensive literature and biodiversity database review, we compiled the number of total, endemic and threatened species per freshwater ecoregion. We classified ecoregions as hotspots if each biodiversity index was in the top 25% of its range and assessed the effect of 13 environmental and evolutionary factors on species richness using generalised linear models. We identified 906 species and 157 genera of Hydrobiidae showing mainly a Nearctic–Palearctic distribution and 19 biodiversity hotspots, most located across the Mediterranean Basin. In our data set, 83% of the species were endemic to a single ecoregion. Of the 43% non‐data deficient species, we found almost three times more threatened than non‐threatened species, and extinction risk peaked at 1,500 m a.s.l. Species richness was unequally distributed over biogeographic realms, increased with higher connectivity among ecoregions, and was negatively related with annual temperature range. Latitude and precipitation seasonality explained part of the richness variation by a nonlinear relationship. The identified hotspots correspond with those of other freshwater taxa. The hump‐shaped relationship of extinction risk with elevation is likely the consequence of decreasing natural and anthropogenic perturbations at higher elevations. Global hotspots of Hydrobiidae richness represent areas of climatic stability with medium precipitation and temperature seasonality that are well connected with other hydrological basins. Our results illustrate that both evolutionary and environmental factors determine these global patterns and that future changes of the latter factors may affect hydrobiid richness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global species richness of hydrobiid snails determined by climate and evolutionary history

et al. 2018

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“…We genetically analysed one to two specimens from each sample. GenBank sequences from another 32 hydrobiid species (Table 1) resembling the newly discovered Tunisian populations in shell shape and/or with evidence of their close relationship to them (Khalloufi et al 2017) were added to the genetic data matrices to assess the phylogenetic status and position of these snails within the Hydrobiidae. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole specimens using the CTAB protocol of Wilke et al (2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Belgrandiellopsis gen. nov. differs from the conchologically similar genus Belgrandiella in having a strap-like penis with two glandular lobes, two seminal receptacles and one pair of basal cusps on the central radular teeth (for comparison see Szarowska 2006); from the closely related genus Bullaregia according to the presence of two lobes on the inner edge of the penis, smaller gastric caecum, shorter bursal duct, larger bursa copulatrix and in having generally a smaller number of cusps on radular teeth (see Khalloufi et al 2017); and from Biserta gen. nov. according to its smaller shell umbilicus, longer penis with a larger distance between penial lobes, slightly smaller bursa copulatrix and longer bursal duct (Figs 4,6,8). Belgrandiellopsis gen. nov. differs in its mean COI divergence by 9.3% and 8.4% from the closely related Bullaregia and Biserta gen. nov., respectively, and by 17.6% from Belgrandiella.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent molecular phylogenies (Delicado et al 2015(Delicado et al , 2018 have also unveiled unknown lineages within Pseudamnicola which may represent new species to science. relationships and position within Hydrobiidae, we also add genetic (mitochondrial and nuclear) data for these and other recently discovered subterranean hydrobiid species from Europe (Rysiewska et al 2016;Osikowski et al 2017) to the previous molecular phylogeny (Khalloufi et al 2017). This work forms part of a series of upcoming papers that will describe hydrobiid diversity in neglected and highly stressed aquatic ecosystems in Tunisia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molluscs are an important component of spring and groundwater systems of North Africa (García et al 2010). For more than a decade now, surveys of continental underground ecosystems (e.g., streams, springs and wells) in Tunisia have revealed that the most abundant and frequent mollusc species belong to the gastropod family Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865 (Khalloufi & Boumaiza 2007;Khalloufi et al 2017). Even when applying the sensu stricto definition based on molecular evidence (Wilke et al 2001(Wilke et al , 2013, hydrobiids are generally considered one of the most species-rich families of freshwater molluscs, and have been described as a hotspot of diversity in Northern Africa (Strong et al 2008;Miller et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two new genera and three new subterranean species of Hydrobiidae (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea) from Tunisia

Khalloufi

Béjaoui

Delicado

2020

EJT

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767

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The aquatic biodiversity of springs and groundwater systems of North Africa remains largely unexplored. In an earlier field survey of Tunisian springs, a new gastropod genus, Bullaregia, was discovered as a phylogenetically independent lineage of uncertain position within the family Hydrobiidae. Here, we provide taxonomic and phylogenetic assignments for three newly collected populations of hydrobiids from springs in northern Tunisia based on morphological, anatomical and genetic (mtCOI and 18S) data. Among these and specimens of Bullaregia, major differences were observed in male and female genitalia as well as in mtCOI sequences (divergence 8.0–9.1%). Based on these findings, we describe two new genera and three new species: Belgrandiellopsis chorfensis gen. et sp. nov., Belgrandiellopsis secunda gen. et sp. nov. and Biserta putealis gen. et sp. nov. In all our phylogenetic analyses, these three new species were well resolved as a monophyletic group together with Bullaregia tunisiensis. Unexpectedly, this clade emerged as sister to the European valvatiform genera Corbellaria and Kerkia and not to the recently discovered clade of groundwater, conchologically similar, species living in Bulgaria (Balkan Peninsula). These Tunisian species are each locally endemic and form part of a newly discovered clade which in future systematic studies could eventually be identified as a distinct hydrobiid subfamily.

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Fifth mass extinction event triggered the diversification of the largest family of freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Hydrobiidae)

Delicado,

Hauffe,

Wilke

2023

Cladistics

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The fifth mass extinction event (MEE) at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) boundary 66 million years ago (Ma) led to massive species loss but also triggered the diversification of higher taxa. Five models have been proposed depending on whether this diversification occurred before, during or after the K–Pg boundary and the rate of species accumulation. While the effects of the K–Pg MEE on vertebrate evolution are relatively well understood, the impact on invertebrates, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, remains controversial. One example is the hyperdiverse Hydrobiidae—the most species‐rich family of freshwater gastropods. Whereas some studies place its origin in the Jurassic or even Carboniferous, most fossil records postdate the K–Pg event. We therefore used robustly time‐calibrated multi‐locus phylogenies of >400 species representing >100 hydrobiid genera to unravel its evolutionary history and patterns of diversification. We found that the family started diversifying shortly after the K–Pg boundary (∼60 Ma; 95% highest posterior density 52–69 Ma). Lineage richness gradually increased to the present and phylogenetic diversity until ∼25 Ma. These findings suggest that diversification was not initially driven by ecological opportunity. Combining the two criteria of timing and rate of diversification, a soft‐explosive diversification model of aquatic vertebrates best fits the patterns observed. We also show that most higher hydrobiid taxa (i.e. subfamilies) diversified from the Middle Oligocene to Middle Miocene (i.e. 12–28 Ma). Two of the 15 major clades delimited are described here as new subfamilies (i.e. Bullaregiinae n. subfam. and Pontobelgrandiellinae n. subfam.), whose members are restricted to subterranean waters. Our results are an important contribution to understanding how the fifth MEE has shaped evolution and patterns of biodiversity in continental aquatic systems. Given the high extinction risks faced by many hydrobiids today, they also emphasise the need to study the biodiversity of vulnerable ecosystems.

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A new genus and species of uncertain phylogenetic position within the family Hydrobiidae (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea) discovered in Tunisian springs

Cited by 505 publications

References 25 publications

Global species richness of hydrobiid snails determined by climate and evolutionary history

Global species richness of hydrobiid snails determined by climate and evolutionary history

Two new genera and three new subterranean species of Hydrobiidae (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea) from Tunisia

Fifth mass extinction event triggered the diversification of the largest family of freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Hydrobiidae)

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