A New Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein, FIP-fve Isolated from the Edible Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes and its Complete Amino Acid Sequence

Abstract

A new fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP-fve) has been isolated and purified from the edible golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes). The apparent molecular mass of FIP-fve determined by SDS/PAGE agrees well with the value of 12704 Da calculated from its amino acid composition and sequence. The complete amino acid sequence of FIP-fve was elucidated by protein sequencing techniques. FIP-fve consists of 114 amino acid residues with an acetylated amino end, and lacks methionine, half-cystine and histidine residues. FIP-fve was able to hemagglutinate human red blood cells. The immunomodulatory activity of FIP-fve was demonstrated by its stimulatory activity toward human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and its suppression of systemic anaphylaxis reactions and local swelling of mouse footpads. FIP-fve was found to enhance the transcriptional expression of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma.

Purification and characterization of a novel immunomodulatory protein from the medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor

“…This newly discovered protein is therefore an active ingredient in T. versicolor and contributes to the medicinal effects of the fungus. The proliferative response induced by TVC is similar to that reported previously for other immunomodulatory proteins [15,16,28]. TVC shares other characteristics with previously reported immunomodulatory proteins, for example, TVC has a molecular weight of 15 kD, it is an acidic protein that is not modified with carbohydrates and it has no hemagglutination activity.…”

“…To date, several immunomodulatory proteins have been identified from various fungi, including FIP-fve, FIP-vvo, FIP-gts, APP and PCiP, which were isolated from Flammulina velutipes, Volvariella volvacea, G. tsugae, Auricularia polytricha, and Pleurotus citrinopileatus, respectively. These proteins have characteristics and immunomodulatory activities similar to those of Ling Zhi-8 [15][16][17][18][19]. Thus, immunomodulatory proteins from medicinal mushrooms are good candidates for the development of new drug types for the treatment of cancer and various autoimmune diseases.…”

Functional Expression of FIP-gts, a Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein fromGanoderma Tsugaein Sf21 Insect Cells

“…[3][4][5][6] The amino acid sequences of LZ-8 and FIP-gts were found to be identical, and shared high homology with those of the other two FIPs. 6) Among these FIPs, LZ-8 was identified and characterized earliest, and its biological functions have been explored extensively.…”

Effectiveness of Immunotherapies from Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus species) in the Management of Immunocompromised Patients

“…Pleurotus have beeen shown to secret high levels of proteins and novel enzyme variants, with desirable properties for medicinal and biotechnological applications [105]. A functional protein (PCP-3A)was isolated from the fresh fruit bodies of P. citrinopileatus, which inhibited the proliferation of human leukemia cell U937.…”