A new form of the equation of state for pure substances and its application to oxygen

Theoretical considerations on the modelling of transport in a three-phase electrode and application to a proton conducting solid oxide electrolysis cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Elsevier, 2012, 37 (16) The paper presents a complete numerical model for the prediction of mass and charge transfer inside electrolysis cells and fuel cells working at high temperature and using cermets as electrodes. It also discusses some assumptions taken in fuel cells or electrolysis cells modelling.I think that the problems dealt in this paper are in perfect match with the topics covered by the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Indeed many articles that were published in the journal served as a basis for this work.Meng Ni, from the University of Hong Kong, M.M Hussain, from the University of Waterloo and Anchasa Pramuanjaroenkija, from the University of Miami, would represent in my view relevant reviewers for this paper. As specialists in fuel cells and electrolysis cells modelling, they can rigorously evaluate the scientific content of this paper. Moreover, several assumptions they use for their models are discussed in the paper.I am fully available from the first of January to deal with the reports of the reviewers.I will be pleased to supply any further information should it be required.Yours sincerely, Mikael DumortierCover LetterDemonstration of continuity equations for mass and charge inside a cermet electrode *Manuscript Click here to view linked References Abstract

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“…Compressibility factors are obtained via a linear regression from the data taken from [34][35][36][37]:…”

Section: Properties Of the Gas Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical considerations on the modelling of transport in a three-phase electrode and application to a proton conducting solid oxide electrolysis cell

Dumortier

Sánchez

Keddam

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…More recently, a number of equations of state have been developed from statistical mechanical perturbation theories based on hard-sphere chain models, including SAFT (Chapman et al, 1989;Müller and Gubbins, 2001), PHSC (Song et al, 1994), and P C -S A F T (Gross and Sadowski, 2001 (Jacobsen et al, 1973) models, with the latter producing highly accurate equations of state for many pure fluids. Schmidt and Wagner (1985) demonstrated the effectiveness of optimizing the form of the equation of state through statistical search techniques by developing a reference quality model for oxygen. This technique has been adopted for several fluids and, for example, produced the most recent "Steam Tables" (Wagner and Kruse, 1998).…”

Section: Past Accomplishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied thermodynamics for process modeling

2002

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IntroductionT he process industries spend an estimated $500 billion annually worldwide in conceptual design, process engineering, detailed engineering, construction, startup, plant operations, and maintenance for chemical, refining, polymer and power plants. In order for chemical engineers to successfully execute these process and product studies, they perform process modeling and capture knowledge of the thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of the chemical systems they work with.Process modeling is a key enabling technology for process development and design, equipment sizing and rating, and process debottlenecking and optimization. More recently, process modeling has enabled offline dynamic simulation for controllability studies, operator training simulators, online model-based process sensors, stateestimation, look-ahead predictors, and online process control and optimization. Success in process modeling is critically dependent upon accurate descriptions of the thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of the concerned chemical systems. A perspective is offered here on applied thermodynamics from an industrial viewpoint. Industry Uses Thermodynamic InnovationsIndustry uses a wide array of thermodynamic innovations: engineering correlations, reference quality models, estimation methods, databanks, and flash algorithms.• Chemical engineers benefit most from models and correlations that capture the dominant physical and chemical behavior of chemical systems. Engineers use these correlative models within a thermodynamic modeling framework to describe and validate available data and to extrapolate with reasonable confidence outside the range of available data.• For commonly encountered systems such as water and steam, air, ammonia, and light hydrocarbons, comprehensive experimental data are available and accurate description is essential and feasible. Highly parameterized models are accepted and useful if they represent available data within experimental accuracy. These reference quality models suffer the disadvantage, however, of not easily allowing incorporation of additional components into the system being modeled.• Engineers frequently lack either experimental data or expertise to develop and validate models. As a result, they often rely on estimation techniques such as group-contribution methods.• Engineers need databanks that are compilations of validated experimental data and model parameters for pure component and mixture properties. Databanks and correlations of known accuracy play key roles in engineering calculations.• The value of thermodynamic models is especially evident in "flash" calculations. Robust and computationally efficient flash algorithms for a variety of phase equilibrium and chemical equilibrium conditions are an integral part of the practice of applied thermodynamics. Practicing engineers prefer "simple and intuitive" thermodynamic models that can be applied easily. Models that are constantly being revised, sophisticated theories requiring expert users, models with excessive com...

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“…Correct behavior of the equation of state in the critical region (bounded by ±0.25 c ( c is the critical density) and ±0.05T c (T c is the critical temperature) becomes a concern of users of property formulations. Nowadays, modern equations of state (Schmidt and Wagner, 1985) for the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids have been introduced to the domestic enterprises. They are usually explicitly expressed as a function of temperature and density through the consideration of Helmholtz energy.…”

Section: G H a B A A T A T A T A T C A A T A T D A A T E A A T F A T mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Max. press (MPa) Nitrogen Span et al (2000) 63.2-2000 2200 Oxygen Schmidt and Wagner (1985) 54.4-1000 82 Argon Tegeler et al (1999) 83.8-700 1000 Helium Arp et al (1998) 0.8-1500 2000 Neon Katti et al (1986) 24.6-700 700 3. Axial intake at every level is used, and inlet guide vanes (IGVs) can be adjusted according to needs.…”

Section: Air Compressor Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and development of large-scale cryogenic air separation in China

Zhang

Chen

Yao³

et al. 2014

J. Zheijang Univ.-Sci.

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Abstract:With the rapid growth in demand for industrial gas in steel and chemical industries, there has been significant emphasis placed on the development of China's large-scale air separation technology. Currently, the maximum capacity of a single unit has been able to attain 120 000 Nm 3 /h (oxygen), and the specific power consumption of 0.38 kWh/m 3 . This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art for large-scale cryogenic air separation systems being deployed in China. A brief introduction to the history and establishment of the large-scale cryogenic air separation industry is presented. Taking the present mainstream large-scale air separation unit operating at 60 000 Nm 3 /h (oxygen) as an example, the technological parameters and features of the involved key equipment, including a molecular sieve adsorber, air compressor unit, plate-fin heat exchanger, turbo-expander and distillation column are described in detail. The developing 80 000-120 000 Nm 3 /h air separation processes and equipment are also introduced. A summary of the existing problems and future developments of these systems in China are discussed.

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A new form of the equation of state for pure substances and its application to oxygen

Cited by 270 publications

References 24 publications

Theoretical considerations on the modelling of transport in a three-phase electrode and application to a proton conducting solid oxide electrolysis cell

Theoretical considerations on the modelling of transport in a three-phase electrode and application to a proton conducting solid oxide electrolysis cell

Applied thermodynamics for process modeling

Research and development of large-scale cryogenic air separation in China

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