In this study, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a newly near a titanium alloy with trace additions of B by in situ casting route are investigated. The results show that the coarse prior b grain and a lath within matrix alloy are gradually refined with increasing of B addition. The relative refinement mechanism of prior b grain and a lath width is analyzed and discussed. In addition, it is shown that both of ultimate compressive strength (UCS) and yield strength (UYS) increase with B addition, which is mainly attributed to microstructural refinement. However, the compressive ductility and fracture toughness decrease with increasing of B addition, which is due to the cracking of TiB, leading to the acceleration of crack extension.