A new family of aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) from the Lower Cretaceous of Baissa, Transbaikalia

Homan, Agnieszka; Węgierek, Piotr

doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1444

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Apparently, feeding on tree trunks caused an extensive modification of the mouthpart structure in Stomaphis manifested by extremely elongated stylets and rostrum. In tree feeding aphids, this phenomenon has occurred repeatedly since at least the Lower Cretaceous (Heie and Azar 2000 ; Wegierek and Grimaldi 2010 ; Homan and Wegierek 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of extremely long mouthparts in the aphid genus Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)

et al. 2015

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Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to elucidate the morphology of labium and mandibular and maxillary stylets of the aphids Stomaphis quercus (L.) and S. graffii Cholodkovsky. The mechanism of labium shortening associated with feeding process was described as well. Stomaphis quercus and S. graffii have cone-shaped labium of 13 and 10 mm in length, respectively, that strongly extend behind the abdomen. The stylets bundle comprises a pair of mandibular and maxillary stylets which are on average as long as labium. Serial cross sections of labium revealed that the first segment is inverted inside and the second is pulled into it; both segments are shifted into abdomen. This study provides new information on S. quercus and S. graffii mouthparts that may help to understand their feeding behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of extremely long mouthparts in the aphid genus Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)

et al. 2015

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“…As a part of adaptation to feeding on tree trunks, females of the genus Stomaphis developed ex tremely long mouthparts, which enabled them to probe through the thick cork tissue of trees. This morphological adaptation to feeding on tree trunks is a phenomenon well documented even in fossil aphids, both in fossil S. eupetes as well as in older and unrelated, extinct aphid taxa (we gierek & grimalDi 2010; Homan & wegierek 2011). This has led to an increase of their size to the limits unseen in other aphid genera, according to the tendency of correlat ing the body size with the size of mouthparts, depend ing on the feeding location (Dixon 1998).…”

Section: Hypothesis Of Evolution Of Male Dwarfism In Stomaphismentioning

confidence: 86%

Giant females vs dwarfish males of the genus Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera: Aphididae) - an aphid example of the ongoing course to permanent parthenogenesis?

Depa¹,

Kanturski²,

Junkiert³

et al. 2015

ASP

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The aim of the study is a review of the sexual generation of European species of the aphid genus Stomaphis Walker. Oviparous females and males of S. (Parastomaphis) longirostris and S. (Stomaphis) radicicola are described and figured in detail. Poorly known sexuales of S. (S.) bratislavensis, S. (S.) quercus, S. (S.) wojciechowskii, S. (P.) graffii, and S. (P.) juglandis are redescribed and figured in detail. Biometric data for the oviparous females and males are reported and keys for the sexual generation of the studied species are provided. On the basis of the morphological characters of the sexuales, supported by biological data, the taxonomic status of the subgenus Parastomaphis Pašek, 1953 stat. rev. is discussed. Aberrations of male morphology are presented, with reference to the general phenomenon of male morphology deterioration in the genus Stomaphis. The discussion also refers to the mating behavior and general evolutionary factors influencing the development of male dwarfism in Stomaphis.

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“…In general terms little is known about the mating behaviour of aphids, but Stomaphis can be distinguished from other aphid groups by many differences in their life cycle and morphology. Feeding on tree trunks results in modified mouthparts, with lengthened stylets and rostrum -a phenomenon known to have occurred in tree feeding aphids since at least the Lower Cretaceous (Heie and Azar, 2000;Wegierek and Grimaldi, 2010;Homan and Wegierek, 2011). In the case of Stomaphis this feeding habit has also resulted in a large body size (Dixon, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical, ventro-ventral copulation position in aphids of the genus Stomaphis Walker, 1870 (Insecta, Hemiptera)

Depa

Kanturski

Taszakowski

et al. 2014

CTOZ

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Firm matching of genitals during copulation is of critical importance to effective insemination and thus, gene flow. During the evolution of insects, an effective position during copulation promoted higher fecundity through control over the act of mating or elimination of competitors. Usually during insect copulation, either twisting or flexing of the male abdomen occurs, and genitals remain symmetrically or asymmetrically disposed following changes in the mating position. However, it is always the dorsal side of the male genitalia that makes contact with the ventral side of female abdomen. Here we present the unusual case of a ‘belly-to-belly’ copulation, with symmetrically positioned male genitals and no twisting of the abdomen. During the mating of two species in the Stomaphis genus of large, tree dwelling aphids, the dwarfish male is attached to the underside of the female, with the ventral part of its genitals contacting the ventral part of female abdomen, and the aedeagus effectively inserted into the female genital organs. Interestingly, congeneric species do not exhibit this sort of mating, but differences in the genital plates of females, between species, may play an important role. These observations raise many questions concerning the possible dominant role of the female during mating and later, during mate guarding by male, which can lead to monandry in this generally polyandrous group of insects. It is possible that this sort of mating is either an adaptation to the competitive behaviour of other males or a consequence of the obligatory mutualistic relationship with ants, and the adaptation to specialised ecological niches enforced by this relationship. If ants do influence the mating habits of Stomaphis then it is possible that speciation in this group of insects, and phytophagous insects generally, is partially driven by their relationship with ants.

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A new family of aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) from the Lower Cretaceous of Baissa, Transbaikalia

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

The structure of extremely long mouthparts in the aphid genus Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)

The structure of extremely long mouthparts in the aphid genus Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)

Giant females vs dwarfish males of the genus Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera: Aphididae) - an aphid example of the ongoing course to permanent parthenogenesis?

Atypical, ventro-ventral copulation position in aphids of the genus Stomaphis Walker, 1870 (Insecta, Hemiptera)

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