A new etching environment (FeF<sub>3</sub>/HCl) for the synthesis of two-dimensional titanium carbide MXenes: a route towards selective reactivity vs. water

Wang, Xuehang; Garnero, Cyril; Rochard, Guillaume; Magné, Damien; Morisset, Sophie; Hurand, S.; Chartier, Patrick; Rousseau, Julie; Cabioc’h, Thierry; Coutanceau, Christophe; Mauchamp, Vincent; Célérier, Stéphane

doi:10.1039/c7ta01082f

Cited by 238 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Raman spectra of etched (Ti 3 C 2 −E) and delaminated (Ti 3 C 2 −D) MXenes materials are represented in Figure A. The observed vibrational modes are in good agreement with those reported in literature . Low intensity vibration bond around 128 cm −1 attributed to the Ti−F bond was observed in the exfoliated sample due to the treatment with HF .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

2D Stacks of MXene Ti₃C₂ and 1T‐Phase WS₂ with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior

et al. 2019

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MXene‐based materials play an important role in the field of energy storage devices, owing to their layered structure with gravimetric/volumetric capacitances higher than that of graphene. However, owing to their tendency to bond to hydrogen or due to van der Walls forces, their performance is often reduced by the restacking of layers and subsequent reduction of their active surface area. In this work, we investigate the charge storage capacitance enhancement after inserting 1T‐phase WS2 nanospacers into the matrix of MXene Ti3C2 through a simple sonication‐assisted procedure, forming a 2D stack structure. We demonstrated that each exfoliation step enhances the capacitive behavior when compared to the starting MAX phase (Ti3AlC2). This new sandwich material shall have profound influence on the construction of 2D materials‐based supercapacitors.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

2D Stacks of MXene Ti₃C₂ and 1T‐Phase WS₂ with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior

et al. 2019

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“…Various synthesis approaches of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes are summarized and discussed in detail. Generally, fluoride compounds have been employed as etchant to obtain Ti 3 C 2 T x from its parent Ti 3 AlC 2 phase by similar mechanisms, that is, the Al atom layer can be etched by fluoride compounds under particular conditions, resulting in layered Ti 3 C 2 T x products with different morphologies and surface chemistries . To date, HF etching and HCl‐LiF etching are the most popular synthesis approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Xiong

Bai

et al. 2018

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Ti C T , a typical representative among the emerging family of 2D layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides referred to as MXenes, has exhibited multiple advantages including metallic conductivity, a plastic layer structure, small band gaps, and the hydrophilic nature of its functionalized surface. As a result, this 2D material is intensively investigated for application in the energy storage field. The composition, morphology and texture, surface chemistry, and structural configuration of Ti C T directly influence its electrochemical performance, e.g., the use of a well-designed 2D Ti C T as a rechargeable battery anode has significantly enhanced battery performance by providing more chemically active interfaces, shortened ion-diffusion lengths, and improved in-plane carrier/charge-transport kinetics. Some recent progresses of Ti C T MXene are achieved in energy storage. This Review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and electrochemical energy storage applications of Ti C T MXene including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and lithium-sulfur batteries. The current opportunities and future challenges of Ti C T MXene are addressed for energy-storage devices. This Review seeks to provide a rational and in-depth understanding of the relation between the electrochemical performance and the nanostructural/chemical composition of Ti C T , which will promote the further development of 2D MXenes in energy-storage applications.

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“…[30,34] Nevertheless, a series of broad peaks was observed after the MILD reaction due to the coexistence of various termination groups that have an influence on phonon dispersion of Ti 3 C 2 , which are consistent with both theoretical and experimental results of the previous work. [30,35,36] A certain volume of Ti 3 C 2 T x dispersion was used to fabricate the transparent conducting electrodes using a vacuum filtration method. A series of Ti 3 C 2 T x films (with transmittance ranging from 56% to 74% measured at 550 nm) was fabricated.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Ti 3 C 2 T Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene)‐Silicon Heterojunction for Efficient Photovoltaic Cells

Bati

Grace

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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For example, Ti 3 C 2 T x with sizes ranging from quantum dots level (below 10 nm) [12] to microscale (lateral dimensions of a few micrometers) [13] based on low-temperature liquid processing have been fabricated and they have been used for different applications, such as biological imaging, [12] supercapacitors, [14,15] and batteries. [16,17] In addition to these applications, transparent conducting films/electrodes with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 70 nm [18] and figure of merit as high as 15 [19] have also been prepared based on Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes using different fabrication processes, including drop casting, [20] spin coating [21] and spray coating. [18] Given their high electrical conductivities, such films have substantial potential to replace the traditional expensive transparent conducting electrodes in a wide range of electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as transistors, [22] supercapacitors, [19] photodetectors, [20] and solar cells. [23,24] From the point view of energy conversion, the photovoltaic (PV) response observed in the case of a photodetector created by MXene/Si heterojunction shows the realistic potential of Ti 3 C 2 T x as an electrode in solar cells. Furthermore, it has been theoretically shown that the work function of Ti 3 C 2 T x can potentially be tuned from less than 2 eV to above 6 eV by precise control over the termination groups. [25] This shows great promise to use the Ti 3 C 2 T x electrode to tune the barrier height. Therefore, the efficiency of charge separation at a solar cell junction formed between the MXene and a semiconductor of a proper bandgap such as silicon (Si) can be improved, in addition to fulfilling the requirements as a transparent conducting electrode. [26] Although the use of MXene in a wide range of applications is well documented, studies on the exploration of MXene in photovoltaics have been very sparse to date. Very recently, Yang et al. [27] have demonstrated low-temperature perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and small cell-to-cell variations using solution-processed Ti 3 C 2 /SnO 2 nanocomposites as the electron transporting layers. The high conductivity of MXene has been found to effectively improve the charge extraction and transfer, and thus resulted in higher photocurrents. These findings clearly indicate the great potential of MXenes in solar cells. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attempt has been made to employ MXenes as an active component in a photovoltaic device. Inspired by the previous success in carbon nanotube/Si [28] and graphene/Si [29] heterojunction PV cells with high power A novel type of solar cell has been developed based on charge separation at the heterojunction formed by a transparent conducting MXene electrode and an n-type silicon (n-Si) wafer. A thin layer of the native silicon dioxide plays an important role in suppressing the recombination of charge carriers. A two-step chemical treatment can increase the device efficiency by about 40%. Promisingly, an average power conversion efficiency of over 10% un...

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A new etching environment (FeF₃/HCl) for the synthesis of two-dimensional titanium carbide MXenes: a route towards selective reactivity vs. water

Abstract: TinCn−1Tx2D-sheets are functionalized using a new etching environment allowing the modification of their surface chemistry and production of rationalized TiO2@MXene nanocomposites.

Cited by 238 publications

References 53 publications

2D Stacks of MXene Ti₃C₂ and 1T‐Phase WS₂ with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior

2D Stacks of MXene Ti₃C₂ and 1T‐Phase WS₂ with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior

Recent Advances in Layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene)‐Silicon Heterojunction for Efficient Photovoltaic Cells

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A new etching environment (FeF3/HCl) for the synthesis of two-dimensional titanium carbide MXenes: a route towards selective reactivity vs. water

Abstract: TinCn−1Tx2D-sheets are functionalized using a new etching environment allowing the modification of their surface chemistry and production of rationalized TiO2@MXene nanocomposites.

Cited by 238 publications

References 53 publications

2D Stacks of MXene Ti3C2 and 1T‐Phase WS2 with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior

2D Stacks of MXene Ti3C2 and 1T‐Phase WS2 with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior

Recent Advances in Layered Ti3C2Tx MXene for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Ti3C2Tx (MXene)‐Silicon Heterojunction for Efficient Photovoltaic Cells

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A new etching environment (FeF₃/HCl) for the synthesis of two-dimensional titanium carbide MXenes: a route towards selective reactivity vs. water

2D Stacks of MXene Ti₃C₂ and 1T‐Phase WS₂ with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior

2D Stacks of MXene Ti₃C₂ and 1T‐Phase WS₂ with Enhanced Capacitive Behavior

Recent Advances in Layered Ti₃C₂T_x MXene for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene)‐Silicon Heterojunction for Efficient Photovoltaic Cells