A new estimate of Lithuanian GDP for 1937: How does interwar Lithuania compare?

Klimantas, Adomas; Zirgulis, Aras

doi:10.1007/s11698-019-00189-8

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This figure is nearly 3.5 times greater than Lithuania's national income value in 1938, derived by F. Šipica (see Table 4), and two times more than Lithuania's GDP value in 1937, derived by Klimantas and Žirgulis (2019), who used only the production method. Klimantas and Žirgulis (2019) could use data about Lithuania's public expenditures, transport, and forestry, which were not accessible to Dargis, who worked in exile. In addition, they could use the monographic study of Lithuania's industry in 1937 by Šaja Fridbergas (1937).…”

Section: Contemporary Cross-country and Cross-time Comparable Gdp Estimates Of The Baltic Statesmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…This estimate includes only the output of industry and agriculture and is marred by double counting (e.g., not excluding the value of crops used in husbandry). The estimate of Dargis (1978) and its revision by Klimantas and Žirgulis (2019) are discussed in subsection 2.3 because Klimantas and Žirgulis (2019) also provide its conversion into cross-country and cross-time comparable units (1990 GK$).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Dargis, agriculture contributed 2202.6 mln. LTL (income method), while according to Klimantas and Žirgulis (2019), its output was 823 mln. LTL (production method).…”

Section: Contemporary Cross-country and Cross-time Comparable Gdp Estimates Of The Baltic Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The few attempts to fix these gaps (e.g., Valge (2003) for Estonia in 1923Estonia in -1938Dargis (1974Dargis ( -1978; Klimantas and Žirgulis (2019) for Lithuania and Roses and Wolf (2010) for Estonia and Latvia in 1922 were outdated by the release of MPD 2018. Following the practices of the Penn World Tables (PWT), MPD 2018 provides two estimates for each year: real GDP per capita at constant national prices, obtained from national accounts data (RGDPNApc), which is commended for cross-country comparisons of growth; and current year real GDP per capita (CGDPpc), preferred for the cross-country comparisons of economic standard of life (Bolt et al 2018;Feenstra et al 2015).…”

Section: Introduction: Research Situation and Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, only one output estimate for the Baltic countries (for Lithuania in 1937) is available, produced retrospectively by applying a SNA framework. It was produced by Leonardas Dargis (1974-78) according to the SNA 1968 standard and was recently revised by Klimantas and Žirgulis (2019) according to the SNA 2008 workbook. Interwartime Baltic pioneers in macroeconomic measurement applied different, occasionally idiosyncratic methodologies (see Norkus 2018 for a comparison of Rimka 1926 andCeihners 1927), producing results that are not comparable without adjustments.…”

Section: Introduction: Research Situation and Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

New estimation of the gross domestic product in Baltic countries in 1913–1938

Norkus

Markevičiūtė

2020

Cliometrica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using the demand-side approach we provide new estimates of output per capita for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in 1913, 1922. Our findings suggest that the levels of real output per capita in Estonia and Latvia were much above the all-Russian mean in 1913. In 1938, the output per capita of Estonia and Latvia surpassed the prewar level by up to 20%, but the total output of Latvia did not reach this mark because of population reduction. Structural changes in the interwar Estonian and Latvian economies explain long postwar recovery and modest growth beyond the prewar levels. In 1892-1914, there was export-oriented industrialization of Latvia, resembling the development of Eastern Asian "tigers" in the late twentieth century. By 1914, mainland Latvia was an "entrepôt industrial economy," created mainly by the foreign direct investments of Western companies that established their subsidiaries there beyond the Russian protective customs wall. After the loss of the Russian market, Latvia and Estonia partially deindustrialized and reagrarized, while the interwar independence period was too short for policies of "Denmarkization" to bring about strong catching-up growth. Therefore, their standing in the international ranking according to output per capita did not improve over the 1913-1938 period. Lithuanian output per capita stagnated until 1929 because of infraction of its economic integrity by the loss of the Vilnius area and difficulties of economic integration of the formerly German Klaipėda (Memel) region, but did grow rapidly in 1930s up to 40% of 1913 level by 1938.

show abstract

Section: Contemporary Cross-country and Cross-time Comparable Gdp Estimates Of The Baltic Statesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Dargis, agriculture contributed 2202.6 mln. LTL (income method), while according to Klimantas and Žirgulis (2019), its output was 823 mln. LTL (production method).…”

Section: Contemporary Cross-country and Cross-time Comparable Gdp Estimates Of The Baltic Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Research Situation and Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Research Situation and Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

New estimation of the gross domestic product in Baltic countries in 1913–1938

Norkus

Markevičiūtė

2020

Cliometrica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Hidden Champions of Lithuania

Vaiginienė

Paulienė

Urbšienė

2021

Hidden Champions in Dynamically Changing Societies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Output Growth in the Baltic Countries in 1913–1938: New Estimates

Norkus

2023

Post-Communist Transformations in Baltic Countries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assessing the economic performance success of restorations by OIST, it is possible to draw on the MPD (2020) data for the 1973–2018 period. However, MPD does not provide data for the years 1913–1938. This does not mean that there is no output data on the Baltic countries during this period. During the interwar years, Estonian and Latvian economists calculated national income for many years, almost completely covering the second decade of independence. There are three such estimates (for 1924, 1938, 1939) for Lithuania as well. However, they are not strictly comparable due to the lack of standard calculation methodology. Some were used in the first attempt at a cross-time comparable measurement of total output of the Baltic countries in 1913–1928, which was published in the third (and last) edition of the survey The Economic Forces of the World, released by Dresdner Bank (1930), and remains a broadly used source in historical statistics. In this publication, estimates of national income in national currencies were converted to German Reichsmark (RM) at gold parity.

show abstract

A new estimate of Lithuanian GDP for 1937: How does interwar Lithuania compare?

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

New estimation of the gross domestic product in Baltic countries in 1913–1938

New estimation of the gross domestic product in Baltic countries in 1913–1938

Hidden Champions of Lithuania

Output Growth in the Baltic Countries in 1913–1938: New Estimates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About