A New Era of Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine

Malik, Adil; Srinivasan, Srilakshmi; Batra, Jyotsna

doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.01263

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…The direct cause of prostate cancer is still unknown. It is believed that age, ethnicity, genetic predisposition, diet, and lifestyle might act as causative factors in initiation and progression [92]. A milestone has been made in screening test of the disease; mainly by the monitoring of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the lethality of prostate cancer is decreasing, although the incidence is still growing [45].…”

Section: Claudins In Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Claudins: New Players in Human Fertility and Reproductive System Cancers

Kozieł

Kowalska

Piastowska-Ciesielska

2020

Cancers

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Claudins are major integral proteins of tight junctions (TJs), the apical cell-cell adhesions that enable maintaining polarity of epithelial cells, their differentiation, and cell signaling. A number of studies have indicated that claudins might play a crucial role in both physiology and pathogenesis. Their tissue-specific expression was originally linked to the development of different types of cancer and triggered a hope to use them as diagnostic or prognostic markers. However, it seems that their expression is more complex than that, and undoubtedly, claudins participate in one of the most important molecular events in cells. This review summarizes the recent research evaluating the role of claudins in fertility and the most common endocrine-dependent cancers in the reproductive system and highlights the crucial role of claudins both in human fertility and the most common cancers.

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Section: Claudins In Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Claudins: New Players in Human Fertility and Reproductive System Cancers

Kozieł

Kowalska

Piastowska-Ciesielska

2020

Cancers

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“…Prostate cancer (PCa), an age-related disease predominantly affecting men over the age of 60, is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death, after skin cancer, among men worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. The disease is characterized by remarkable heterogeneity, and patients with apparently similar histological features usually display a variety of clinical behavior and outcome, ranging from decades of indolence to highly lethal disease [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is characterized by remarkable heterogeneity, and patients with apparently similar histological features usually display a variety of clinical behavior and outcome, ranging from decades of indolence to highly lethal disease [ 3 ]. This is probably the reason behind the observed substantial mortality from aggressive disease, despite the majority of patients being diagnosed with slow-progressing or even inert PCa [ 2 ]. The disease has a greater prevalence in the West [ 4 , 5 ], yet considerable variability exists among certain populations; men of African ancestry appear more susceptible to developing PCa and have a worse prognosis than white men or men of Hispanic origin [ 6 , 7 ] whereas Hispanic men exhibit significantly lower incidence and mortality rates than non-Hispanic white men [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the remarkable heterogeneity of PCa, its molecular complexity, and its multifactorial nature, the incorporation of clinically valuable prognostic and predictive biomarker stratification for appropriate patient selection is potentially amenable in this process. In addition, the management of PCa is beginning to embrace the precision medicine approach with the use of new technologies, such as liquid tumor profiling, non-coding RNA diagnostics, genomic and proteomic analysis, gene editing, array-based technologies, and next-generation sequencing [ 2 , 3 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunotherapy as a Precision Medicine Tool for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Adamaki

Zoumpourlis

2021

Cancers

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer among Caucasian males over the age of 60 and is characterized by remarkable heterogeneity and clinical behavior, ranging from decades of indolence to highly lethal disease. Despite the significant progress in PCa systemic therapy, therapeutic response is usually transient, and invasive disease is associated with high mortality rates. Immunotherapy has emerged as an efficacious and non-toxic treatment alternative that perfectly fits the rationale of precision medicine, as it aims to treat patients on the basis of patient-specific, immune-targeted molecular traits, so as to achieve the maximum clinical benefit. Antibodies acting as immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines entailing tumor-specific antigens seem to be the most promising immunotherapeutic strategies in offering a significant survival advantage. Even though patients with localized disease and favorable prognostic characteristics seem to be the ones that markedly benefit from such interventions, there is substantial evidence to suggest that the survival benefit may also be extended to patients with more advanced disease. The identification of biomarkers that can be immunologically targeted in patients with disease progression is potentially amenable in this process and in achieving significant advances in the decision for precision treatment of PCa.

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“…At present, serum PSA, tumor grade and clinical stage are used for risk-stratification and to predict biochemical recurrence. However, there is a growing body of evidence that adding other preoperative markers may allow a more accurate prediction of disease aggressiveness, improving clinical management of PCa patient [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating preoperative testosterone level predicts unfavourable disease at radical prostatectomy in men with International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group 1 prostate cancer diagnosed with systematic biopsies

et al. 2020

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Purpose The association between circulating total testosterone (T) levels and clinically significant PCa is still a matter of debate. In this study, we evaluated whether serum testosterone levels may have a role in predicting unfavorable disease (UD) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients with clinically localized (≤ cT2c) ISUP grade group 1 PCa at biopsy. Methods 408 patients with ISUP grade group 1 prostate cancer, undergone to radical prostatectomy and T measurement were included. The outcome of interest was the presence of unfavourable disease (UD) defined as ISUP grade group ≥ 3 and/or pT ≥ 3a. Results Statistically significant differences resulted between serum testosterone values and ISUP grade groups (P < 0.0001). Significant correlation was found analyzing testosterone values versus age (P < 0.0001), and versus PSA (P = 0.008). BCRfree survival was significantly decreased in patients with low levels of testosterone (P = 0.005). These findings were confirmed also in the ISUP 1-2 subgroups (P = 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that T outperformed PSA in predicting UD (AUC 0.718 vs AUC 0.525; P < 0.001) and was and independent risk factor for BCR. Conclusion Our findings suggested that circulating total T was a significant predictor of UD at RP in patients with preoperative low-to intermediate-risk diseases, confirming the potential role of circulating androgens in preoperative risk assessment of PCa patients.

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A New Era of Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine

Cited by 35 publications

References 163 publications

Claudins: New Players in Human Fertility and Reproductive System Cancers

Claudins: New Players in Human Fertility and Reproductive System Cancers

Immunotherapy as a Precision Medicine Tool for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Circulating preoperative testosterone level predicts unfavourable disease at radical prostatectomy in men with International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group 1 prostate cancer diagnosed with systematic biopsies

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