A new energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process to produce magnesium

Fu, Daxue; Zhang, Ting‐an; Zhang, Dou; Guan, Lei

doi:10.1080/00084433.2017.1361178

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…By comparing Si and FeSi as the reducing agents, the former one requires lower temperatures for reducing magnesia to gaseous magnesium, in particular at the system pressure of 10–100 Pa. On the other hand, the latter one has a lower cost. However, some silicon in ferrosilicon may not participate in the reaction, leading to the slow reaction rate and low reduction percentage of magnesia . In this study, Si was chosen as the suitable reducing agent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some silicon in ferrosilicon may not participate in the reaction, leading to the slow reaction rate and low reduction percentage of magnesia. 24 In this study, Si was chosen as the suitable reducing agent.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is produced by two principal routes: electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride and thermal reduction of magnesia . Because of the high cost of the electrolytic process, at present, the majority of magnesium is produced from dolomite by the so-called Pidgeon process based on thermal reduction at low pressure. − In this process, calcined dolomite is mixed with the reducing agent (such as silicon, ferrosilicon, and aluminum) to form a mixture which is then charged into a batch vacuum reduction furnace to obtain magnesium vapor for condensation and collection. − Regarding the similar content of magnesia in ferronickel slag to that of calcined dolomite, a new method for recovering magnesium from ferronickel slag by vacuum reduction was proposed in this study. Its feasibility was first examined by thermodynamic analysis of reduction of magnesia considering both effects of reducing agents and reaction pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovering Magnesium from Ferronickel Slag by Vacuum Reduction: Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Verification

Zhang

Peng

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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The feasibility of recovering magnesium from ferronickel slag by vacuum reduction was evaluated. The thermodynamic calculations indicated that the magnesia in slag can be reduced to gaseous magnesium by Si, FeSi, Al, and C, with the minimum reduction temperatures of 2324, 2530, 1678, and 2580 K at 100 000 Pa, respectively. As the system pressure decreases, the minimum reduction temperatures decline significantly. Si maintains the minimum reduction temperature of 1585–1673 K at the atmospheric pressure of 10–100 Pa, acting as a suitable reducing agent for recovering magnesium. To verify the findings, preliminary vacuum reduction experiments, in which CaO was added to eliminate the adverse impact of SiO2 in slag, were carried out. By reducing slag with additions of 50 wt % Si and 30 wt % CaO at 1573 K for 3 h at 10 Pa, the recovery of magnesium reached 97.74%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovering Magnesium from Ferronickel Slag by Vacuum Reduction: Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Verification

Zhang

Peng

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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“…As shown in Figure 1(a), the Pidgeon process has the weaknesses of tedious production flow, excessive heat loss and low resource utilization. Technically, a new integrated calcination and silicothermic reduction short process was constructed, [7][8][9] as shown in Figure 1(b), to further optimize the traditional Pidgeon process. In the new short process, the dolomite, instead of dolime, was adopted to mix with the ferrosilicon and fluorite to produce walnut-shaped briquettes, which were then charged into the externally heated retort.…”

Section: ½2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Magnesium (Mg) Production by an Integrated Calcination and Silicothermic Reduction Short Process

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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To promote the innovation of raw magnesium production technology, an integrated calcination and silicothermic reduction short process for magnesium production was experimentally studied on the laboratory scale in this article. The influences of the thermal decomposition temperature, silicothermic reduction temperature, pelletizing pressures and silicon ratio on the characteristics of producing the magnesium by the short process was studied. The crosslinking effect, including reactions between CO 2 decomposed from dolomite and metal elements in ferrosilicon, microstructure change at thermal decomposition and silicothermic reduction stages, was analyzed and discussed. In addition, comparison of the magnesium reduction rate and production efficiency between the new short process and the traditional Pidgeon process was made. The results indicated that the decomposition and reduction temperatures have a more significant influence on the magnesium reduction process than the pelletizing pressure and silicon ratio. A decomposition temperature < 1000°C and reduction temperature > 1100°C was proven to be favorable for improving the magnesium reduction rate and production efficiency of the new short process. It was also found that the integrated short process for magnesium production can reach the same total reduction rate and has lower efficiency compared to the traditional process. The decrease of magnesium production efficiency in the new short process was expected to result from reduction of the contact area and hindering of diffusion between CaOAEMgO molecules and Si(Fe) atoms because of the microstructure change and ferrosilicon consumption by the reactions between CO 2 and metal elements in ferrosilicon. Preparing briquettes with additives of binder or ultrafine particles of raw materials was proposed and considered for further study to improve the production efficiency.

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“…They obtained a result that the one-step Mg reduction production process can reduce reduction time and save energy [10][11][12][13]. Fu et al studied the thermodynamics and kinetics of the integration process of calcination and reduction and found that canceling the calcination process can greatly save energy [14][15][16][17][18]. These studies rely on reducing calcination to achieve continuous production of Mg. Other researchers used an inert gas to replace the vacuum state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and Condensation of Magnesium Vapor in Argon Carrier

Han

Guo

et al. 2020

Metals

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The nucleation and condensation of Magnesium (Mg) vapor carried by argon gas (Ar) were examined. The condensation of Mg vapor at a heat source temperature of 1273–1473 K and Ar flow rate of 0.1–0.4 m3/h was analyzed. The result indicated that the condensation temperature is affected by the heat source temperature and Ar flow rate, and the condensation temperature of Mg vapor was 1013.3 K at a heat source temperature of 1473 K and Ar flow rate of 0.2 m3/h. The effects of Mg vapor partial pressure and temperature of the condensation zone on the nucleation and condensation of Mg vapor carried by Ar were calculated and analyzed in terms of atomic collisions and critical nucleation radius. Increased vapor oversaturation and decreased condensation temperature were favorable for liquid nucleation growth. The Mg condensation products in Ar flow rate of 0.2 m3/h at a heat source temperature of 1473 K were analyzed by XRD, SEM, and EDS, which indicated that the condensed product was of high purity and not easily oxidized in Ar flow. In this paper, the quality of Mg vapor condensation was controlled, which provided the theoretical and experimental basis for a continuous Mg production process.

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A new energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process to produce magnesium

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Recovering Magnesium from Ferronickel Slag by Vacuum Reduction: Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Verification

Recovering Magnesium from Ferronickel Slag by Vacuum Reduction: Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Verification

Experimental Study of Magnesium (Mg) Production by an Integrated Calcination and Silicothermic Reduction Short Process

Nucleation and Condensation of Magnesium Vapor in Argon Carrier

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