A new ELISA for the quantification of equine procalcitonin in plasma as potential inflammation biomarker in horses

Rieger, Martin; Kochleus, Christian; Teschner, Dana; Rascher, Daniela; Barton, Ann Kristin; Geerlof, Arie; Kremmer, Elisabeth; Schmid, Michael; Hartmann, Anton; Gehlen, Heidrun

doi:10.1007/s00216-014-7944-z

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…High disease prevalence and economic impact have been described for equine chronic respiratory disease, therefore new biomarkers may help to differentiate these pneumopathies and to identify cases of subclinical disease. A species specific ELISA for equine PCT (ePCT) was established [20], which allows quantitative measurements instead of gene expression with a high specificity and sensitivity. High ePCT concentrations were found in plasma of endotoxemic horses suffering from colic [21, 22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

et al. 2016

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BackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT), a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive inflammatory marker in human medicine, which is primarily used for diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, but is also useful in diagnosis of exacerbation of asthma and COPD. In this study, PCT was evaluated as a potential biomarker for different chronic pneumopathies in the horse using an equine specific ELISA in comparison to established clinical markers and different interleukins.Sixty-four horses were classified as free of respiratory disease, recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), inflammatory airway disease (IAD) or chronic interstitial pneumopathy (CIP) using a scoring system. PCT concentrations were measured in plasma (n = 17) and in the cell-free supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 64). PCT concentrations were correlated to interleukins IL-1ß and IL-6 in BALF, clinical findings and BALF cytology.ResultsThe median PCT concentrations in plasma were increased in respiratory disease (174.46 ng/ml, n = 7) compared to controls (13.94 ng/ml, n = 10, P = 0.05) and correlated to PCT in BALF supernatant (rs = 0.48). Compared to controls (5.49 ng/ml, n = 15), median PCT concentrations in BALF supernatant correlated to the overall clinical score (rs = 0.32, P = 0.007) and were significantly increased in RAO (13.40 ng/ml, n = 21) and IAD (16.89 ng/ml, n = 16), while no differences were found for CIP (12.02 ng/ml, n = 12). No significant increases were found for IL-1 and IL-6 between controls and respiratory disease in general as well as different disease groups.ConclusionsAlthough some correlations were found between PCT in plasma, BALF supernatant and clinical scores, PCT in BALF does not seem to be a superior marker compared to established clinical markers. PCT in plasma seems to be more promising and a greater number of samples should be evaluated in further studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

et al. 2016

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“…Auch bei Hamstern, Schweinen, Ratten und Affen wurde ein PCT-Anstieg nach experimentell induzierter Endotoxämie beobachtet, was PCT zu einem möglichen Biomarker für bakterielle Entzündungen in der Veterinärmedizin macht (Zannoni et al 2012, Redl et al 2001, Wagner et al 2002. Beim Pferd konnten in Untersuchungen bei septischen (Rieger et al 2014) …”

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Procalcitonin in horses with an acute colic

Teschner¹,

Rieger²,

Koopmann³

et al. 2015

PHK

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Zusammenfassung: Procalcitonin (PCT) wird in der Humanmedizin als sensitiver Marker für das Vorliegen einer Endotoxämie und bakteriellen Infektion genutzt. In dieser Studie wurde PCT bei endotoxämischen Pferden, bedingt durch eine akute Kolik, bestimmt und mit den proinflammatorischen Zytokinen IL-1b, IL-6 und TNFa verglichen. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war zu beleuchten, ob sich die PCT-Plasmakonzentration bei einer akuten Kolik im Vergleich zum gesunden Pferd erhöht, im Verlauf einer Kolik verändert und ob sie sinnvoll zur Prognosestellung herangezogen werden kann. Schlüsselwörter: Pferd / Kolik / Endotoxämie / Procalcitonin / Zytokine Procalcitonin in horses with an acute colicIn comparison to other animal species the horse is very sensitive to the systemic consequences of endotoxemia leading to a high morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal (e.g. colic or colitis) disease. Procalcitonin (PCT) is used in human medicine as a sensitive marker for the presence of a bacterial infection and endotoxemia. In this study, PCT was determined in endotoxemic horses with an acute colic and compared to the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa. The aim of this study was to examine whether the PCT plasma concentrations increases in horses with an acute colic compared to healthy horses, changes during the next days after referral to the hospital and whether it can be used to predict survival. 13 horses with an acute colic were classified as endotoxemic based on the results of the clinical and laboratory examination upon admission to the hospital, using a modified score and compared with 20 healthy control horses. For the determination of PCT, IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa blood was collected from all horses at the time of admission at the equine hospital. Blood samples were quantified at the Helmholtz Zentrum München using an ELISA. A strangulating ileus was diagnosed in 11 horses, an obstructing ileus and enteritis in each case a horse. Endotoxemic horses with an intestinal strangulation showed significantly higher concentrations of median PCT and IL-1b in plasma or serum than the healthy control group. Horses that underwent laparotomy also had significantly higher PCT and IL1-b-plasma or serum concentrations than healthy controls. A follow up measurement of IL-1b and PCT over a 72-hour-period at 7 horses showed no significant changes in the levels. Significantly low median IL-6 serum levels could be measured in the patients when compared to healthy horses. The median serum concentrations of TNFa showed no significant differences between endotoxaemic and healthy horses. A correlation between PCT and IL-1b and survival of patients could not be established. PCT seems to be a promising biomarker for the detection of endotoxemia for the equine medicine but further research is needed.

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“…The authors argued that PCT is not expressed by leucocytes to a high degree, while Toribio [23] described the very complex composition of the CALC-I-gene and questioned the primer sequences in the PCR used. The species specific ELISA used in our study however has been found to have a high sensitivity even in horses, in which sepsis was questionable [17]. In a study on colic patients high concentrations were found using this ELISA as well [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Rieger et al established a new species specific ELISA for equine PCT, which allows evaluating the actual PCT concentration and not only its gene expression with a high specifity and sensitivity [17]. We figured that this biomarker might allow reducing antibiotic treatment in the long term and shorten the duration of therapy in affected foals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The jugular vein was punctuated to gain venous blood for clinical pathology (WBC, PCT). Plasma for PCT measurements was frozen at −20˚C and stored on dry ice during transport to the Helmholtz-Center in Munich, where PCT was measured using a species specific ELISA for equine PCT [17]. After first samples were taken, antibiotic therapy including azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO SID) and rifampicin (10 mg/kg PO BID) was initiated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Procalcitonin—A Useful Biomarker for Pneumonia Associated with <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>?

Barton¹,

Rieger²,

Teschner³

et al. 2016

MRI

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Background: Procalcitonin, a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive marker for sepsis in human medicine, which is used for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in adults and neonates to initiate antibiotic therapy. Objectives: In this study, procalcitonin was evaluated as a potential biomarker for Rhodococcus equi associated pneumonia. Methods: In four foals procalcitonin was measured at four time-points (day 0 before antibiotic therapy, day 1, 3 and 5/6 during therapy) in plasma using an equine specific ELISA. Inclusion criteria for the study were a positive sepsis score, ultrasonographic evidence of pulmonary abscesses in addition >8 cm, a positive microbiology out of tracheobronchial secretion and positive response to antibiotic treatment (azithromycin 10 mg/kg BDW 24q PO and rifampicin 10 mg/kg BDW 12q PO) within a weak including improvement of clinical status and reduction of ultrasonographic score <8 cm. Results: Procalcitonin concentrations remained below the working range of the ELISA (25 -1000 ng/ml) in all but one sample. Conclusions: Procalcitonin cannot be regarded a useful biomarker in pneumonia associated with Rhodococcus equi.

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A new ELISA for the quantification of equine procalcitonin in plasma as potential inflammation biomarker in horses

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

Procalcitonin in horses with an acute colic

Procalcitonin—A Useful Biomarker for Pneumonia Associated with <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>?

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A new ELISA for the quantification of equine procalcitonin in plasma as potential inflammation biomarker in horses

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

Procalcitonin as a biomarker in equine chronic pneumopathies

Procalcitonin in horses with an acute colic

Procalcitonin—A Useful Biomarker for Pneumonia Associated with &lt;i&gt;Rhodococcus equi&lt;/i&gt;?

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Procalcitonin—A Useful Biomarker for Pneumonia Associated with <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>?