A New Efficient Synthetic Method for 3-Iodothyronamine Involving Sonication and its Potent Hypothermic Efficacy

Abstract

Over recent years, chemically-induced hibernation has attracted much attention in fields of hibernation biology, medical science and space biology.1,2 Several compounds such as thyronamine and gaseous H 2 S are shown to trigger hibernation-like state (HS) in non-hibernator mice.3,4 For instance, a single-dose administration of thyronamine elicited rapid suppression of metabolic rate, body temperature (T b ) and heart rate, and elevated utilization of lipid over carbohydrate for metabolism in the laboratory mice.3,5 From the perspective of HS induction, 3-iodothyronamine (T 1 AM) has drawn a particular attention because it is an endogenous compound derived from deiodination and decarboxylation of thyroid hormone T 4 (thyroxine). The compound is shown to cause little side effect or damage on neural and other critical organs even for a long-term, repeated administration.3,6a,7 These findings render T 1 AM to have pharmaceutical benefits that can be applied to emergency medical care (e.g., stroke, hypoxic assault), organ transplantation, and a long-duration spaceflight.

Metabolic Suppression by 3-Iodothyronamine Induced Muscle Cell Atrophy <i>via</i> Activation of FoxO–Proteasome Signaling and Downregulation of Akt1–S6K Signaling

“…Chemicals T1AM was synthesized in our chemistry laboratory, 19) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; SigmaAldrich, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) and stored at stock concentrations of 0.75 and 1 M. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was purchased from Welgene (Dalseogu, Daegu, Korea). Nonidet P-40, Complete Mini protease inhibitor and a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail were purchased from Roche (Mannheim, Germany).…”