A new ecological-severity ranking of major Phanerozoic biodiversity crises

McGhee, George R.; Clapham, Matthew E.; Sheehan, Peter M.; Bottjer, David J.; Droser, Mary L.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.019

Cited by 216 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

141

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to the Cambrian explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE; Harper 2006, Servais et al 2016), several major mass extinctions altered global biodiversity during the Palaeozoic (Sepkoski 1984(Sepkoski , 2002Korn 2000;House 2002;Bambach et al 2004;Lu et al 2006;Alroy 2010a, b;Hannisdal & Peters 2011;McGhee et al 2013;McGhee 2014;Long et al 2016). Classically, Palaeozoic macroecology has been assessed by trying to quantify changes in palaeobiodiversity (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeozoic evolution of animal mouthparts

Klug¹,

Frey²,

Pohle³

et al. 2017

Bull. Geosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the Palaeozoic, a diversification in modes of life occurred that included a wide range of predators. Major macroecological events include the Cambrian Explosion (including the Agronomic Substrate Revolution and the here introduced 'Ediacaran-Cambrian Mouthpart Armament'), the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, the Palaeozoic Plankton Revolution, the Siluro-Devonian Jaw Armament (newly introduced herein) and the Devonian Nekton Revolution. Here, we discuss the evolutionary advancement in oral equipment, i.e. the Palaeozoic evolution of mouthparts and jaws in a macroecological context. It appears that particularly the latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian and the Silurian to Devonian were phases when important innovations in the evolution of oral structures occurred.•

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeozoic evolution of animal mouthparts

Klug¹,

Frey²,

Pohle³

et al. 2017

Bull. Geosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…abundance | climate change | extinction | macroevolution | selection M ass extinctions affect communities over a range of hierarchical levels of organization (1,2). Droser et al (1) described four levels of community impacts, ranging from the broad scale of the development or loss of entire ecosystems to the fine scale of abundance changes within a single community.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graptolite community responses to global climate change and the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Sheets

Mitchell

Melchin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mass extinctions disrupt ecological communities. Although climate changes produce stress in ecological communities, few paleobiological studies have systematically addressed the impact of global climate changes on the fine details of community structure with a view to understanding how changes in community structure presage, or even cause, biodiversity decline during mass extinctions. Based on a novel Bayesian approach to biotope assessment, we present a study of changes in species abundance distribution patterns of macroplanktonic graptolite faunas (∼447-444 Ma) leading into the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Communities at two contrasting sites exhibit significant decreases in complexity and evenness as a consequence of the preferential decline in abundance of dysaerobic zone specialist species. The observed changes in community complexity and evenness commenced well before the dramatic population depletions that mark the tipping point of the extinction event. Initially, community changes tracked changes in the oceanic water masses, but these relations broke down during the onset of mass extinction. Environmental isotope and biomarker data suggest that sea surface temperature and nutrient cycling in the paleotropical oceans changed sharply during the latest Katian time, with consequent changes in the extent of the oxygen minimum zone and phytoplankton community composition. Although many impacted species persisted in ephemeral populations, increased extinction risk selectively depleted the diversity of paleotropical graptolite species during the latest Katian and early Hirnantian. The effects of long-term climate change on habitats can thus degrade populations in ways that cascade through communities, with effects that culminate in mass extinction.abundance | climate change | extinction | macroevolution | selection M ass extinctions affect communities over a range of hierar-

show abstract

“…Furthermore, in the Carnic Alps area, eustatic sealevel rise is likely enhanced by the tectonically active subsidence starting during the Late Givetian major extensional pulse (Ebner et al 1980;Spalletta et al 1980;Vai 1980). These global and local changes appear to be connected to the Kellwasser event interval at the end of the Frasnian, which is considered to be one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic (Sepkoski 1995;McGhee et al 2013) and marks the end of the Devonian reef communities. The two positive d 13 C excursions commonly observed for the Kellwasser event interval were recognized in the Carnic Alps (Wolayer Glacier section) by Joachimski et al (1994).…”

Section: Depositional Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the development of a carbonate platform through a multi-disciplinary approach: a case study from the Upper Devonian slope deposits of Mount Freikofel (Carnic Alps, Austria/Italy)

Pas

Silva

Suttner

et al. 2013

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development and behavior of million yearscaled depositional sequences recorded within Palaeozoic carbonate platform has remained poorly examined. Therefore, the understanding of palaeoenvironmental changes that occur in geological past is still limited. We herein undertake a multi-disciplinary approach (sedimentology, conodont biostratigraphy, magnetic susceptibility (MS), and geochemistry) of a long-term succession in the Carnic Alps, which offers new insights into the peculiar evolution of one of the best example of Palaeozoic carbonate platform in Europe. The Freikofel section, located in the central part of the Carnic Alps, represents an outstanding succession in a fore-reef setting, extending from the Latest Givetian (indet. falsiovalis conodont zones) to the Early Famennian (Lower crepida conodont zone). Sedimentological analysis allowed to propose a sedimentary model dominated by distal slope and fore-reef-slope deposits. The most distal setting is characterized by an autochthonous pelagic sedimentation showing local occurrence of thin-bedded turbiditic deposits. In the fore-reef slope, in a more proximal setting, there is an accumulation of various autochthonous and allochthonous fine-to coarse-grained sediments originated from the interplay of gravity-flow currents derived from the shallow-water and deepwater area. The temporal evolution of microfacies in the Freikofel section evolves in two main steps corresponding to the Freikofel (Unit 1) and the Pal (Unit 2) limestones. Distal slope to fore-reef lithologies and associate changes are from base to top of the section: (U1) thick bedded litho-and bioclastic breccia beds with local fining upward sequence and fine-grained mudstone intercalations corresponding, in the fore-reef setting, to the dismantlement of the Eifelian-Frasnian carbonate platform during the Early to Late Frasnian time (falsiovalis to rhenana superzones) with one of the causes being the Late Givetian major rift pulse; (U2) occurrence of thinbedded red nodular and cephalopod-bearing limestones with local lithoclastic grainstone intercalations corresponding to a significant deepening of the area and the progressive withdrawal of sedimentary influxes toward the basin, in relation with Late Frasnian sea-level rise. MS and geochemical analyses were also performed along the Freikofel section and demonstrate the inherent parallel link existing between variation in MS values and proxy for terrestrial input. Interpretation of MS in terms of palaeoenvironmental processes reflects that even though distality

show abstract

A new ecological-severity ranking of major Phanerozoic biodiversity crises

Cited by 216 publications

References 61 publications

Palaeozoic evolution of animal mouthparts

Palaeozoic evolution of animal mouthparts

Graptolite community responses to global climate change and the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Insight into the development of a carbonate platform through a multi-disciplinary approach: a case study from the Upper Devonian slope deposits of Mount Freikofel (Carnic Alps, Austria/Italy)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About