A New Early Eocene (Ypresian) Bat from Pourcy, Paris Basin, France, with Comments on Patterns of Diversity in the Earliest Chiropterans

Hand, Suzanne J.; Sigé, Bernard; Archer, Michael; Gunnell, Gregg F.; Simmons, Nancy B.

doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9286-9

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…E, F, G, H). They come from the early Eocene (Ypresian) (de Broin, ; Hand et al ., ). They are attributable to Pelorochelon because they are as long as wide and show an anterior medial notch, concave dorsal lip, strong visceral relief on the latero‐anterior region, well‐developed gular protrusions, and absence of gular pocket.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Taxonomy, systematics, and diversity of the European oldest testudinids

2016

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Testudinidae is a clade of tortoises known in Europe from the early Eocene. It is the only lineage of terrestrial turtles identified in the post-Paleocene record of this continent. However, very little information on the taxonomy and systematics of the Eocene representatives is currently available. The oldest testudinids from Europe, recovered in several countries, are studied here. Some of them were previously attributed to genera defined in North America. The hypothesis suggesting that the European Eocene testudinids correspond to genera exclusive to this continent is confirmed here. In this sense, two new genera, Fontainechelon (early Eocene) and Pelorochelon (middle Eocene), are proposed. The largest collection of European Paleogene testudinids, from the middle Eocene of the Spanish site of Mazater on (Soria), is analyzed for the first time. A new species from this locality is defined. The validity of various previously proposed taxa is refuted, and the diagnosis of several forms is emended. Thus, the diversity, taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, and biogeographical and stratigraphic distributions of the European primitive representatives of this successful extant clade are analyzed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Taxonomy, systematics, and diversity of the European oldest testudinids

2016

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“…; Hand et al. ). Eocene bat postcrania are best preserved in the Green River Formation of WY, USA and the famous Messel Lagerstätten near Messel, Germany.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Specimens referred to the Onychonycteridae, one of the earliest bat families, have been found on both the North American and Eurasian Eocene landmasses (Hand et al. ). By the end of the Eocene, bats are known from six continental land masses (Smith et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical diversification of a skeletal novelty in bat feet

2019

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Neomorphic, membrane‐associated skeletal rods are found in disparate vertebrate lineages, but their evolution is poorly understood. Here we show that one of these elements—the calcar of bats (Chiroptera)—is a skeletal novelty that has anatomically diversified. Comparisons of evolutionary models of calcar length and corresponding disparity‐through‐time analyses indicate that the calcar diversified early in the evolutionary history of Chiroptera, as bats phylogenetically diversified after evolving the capacity for flight. This interspecific variation in calcar length and its relative proportion to tibia and forearm length is of functional relevance to flight‐related behaviors. We also find that the calcar varies in its tissue composition among bats, which might affect its response to mechanical loading. We confirm the presence of a synovial joint at the articulation between the calcar and the calcaneus in some species, which suggests the calcar has a kinematic functional role. Collectively, this functionally relevant variation suggests that adaptive advantages provided by the calcar led to its anatomical diversification. Our results demonstrate that novel skeletal additions can become integrated into vertebrate body plans and subsequently evolve into a variety of forms, potentially impacting clade diversification by expanding the available morphological space into which organisms can evolve.

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“…Upper teeth are indicated with an upper case letter and number; for example, M2 designates the upper second molar. We employ the traditional premolar numbering system of p2, p3, p4 for bats that retain three lower premolars following most recent authors (e.g., Hooker, 2010;Smith et al, 2012;Ravel et al, 2014;Hand et al, 2015) rather than the p1, p4, p5 system advocated by O' Leary et al (2013). Occlusal morphological terminology follows Gunnell et al (2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)

Gunnell

Butler

Greenwood

et al. 2015

American Museum Novitates

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477

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Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania is most famous for producing some of the first discoveries of fossil hominins in East Africa. Zinjanthropus (= Paranthropus) boisei was initially discovered in 1959 from Olduvai Bed I. During screen-washing operations to search for more hominin material at Olduvai, an associated faunal assemblage was accumulated including 40 numbered specimens of fossil bats. Except for seven dental specimens, this collection consists entirely of postcrania, almost exclusively complete or fragmentary humeri representing both proximal and distal ends. Although briefly discussed in preliminary reports, these specimens have remained undescribed for over 50 years and have never been comprehensively compared to extant species. Our analyses indicate that the Olduvai bat fossils represent five families and nine genera, and include four new species: Myzopoda africana, n. sp., Cardioderma leakeyi, n. sp., Scotoecus olduvensis, n. sp., and Nycticeinops serengetiensis, n. sp. The Olduvai bat fossils come from the FLK North 1 and FLK NN1 levels, both of early Pleistocene age, and ranging between 1.80 and 1.85 Ma based on 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating techniques, respectively. Compared to the meager Pleistocene bat record from elsewhere on mainland Africa, the Olduvai bat assemblage, although richer, is similar in the predominance of vespertilionids. The East African Olduvai bat fauna differs from Pleistocene faunas from South Africa in including both Myzopoda and Cardioderma but lacking both hipposiderids and rhinolophids. These taxonomic differences are likely the result of differential sampling due to variation in roosting site preferences (cave-dwelling vs. non-cave-dwelling taxa) and foraging habitats (open vs. forested) in East and South Africa.

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A New Early Eocene (Ypresian) Bat from Pourcy, Paris Basin, France, with Comments on Patterns of Diversity in the Earliest Chiropterans

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Taxonomy, systematics, and diversity of the European oldest testudinids

Taxonomy, systematics, and diversity of the European oldest testudinids

Anatomical diversification of a skeletal novelty in bat feet

Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)

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