A New Early Bronze Age Cemetery

Sertok, Kemal; Ergeç, Rıfat

doi:10.2143/ana.25.0.2015486

Cited by 25 publications

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“…The phenomenon of the Early Bronze Age of the Birecik-Carchemish region is of particular interest, due to the large presence of population and cultural richness. In this context, the appearance of chalices is striking, one of the typical ceramics of the period (Falsone and Sconzo, 2007) and which we find in abundant funerary (Sertok and Ergeç, 1999: 104, fig. 8a-f ) or ritual contexts.…”

Section: The Pottery Of the Eba Ia-ib Levels Of Tilbes Höyüksupporting

confidence: 49%

“…The amount of settlement in Early Bronze I with 100 ha occupied (Rothman and Gil Fuensanta, 2003: 616, table 2;Gil Fuensanta, 2007: 143, table 9.3;Wilkinson et al, 2012: 164, fig. 19), as well as the profusion of burials from the period (Sertok and Ergeç, 1999), are supportive of this (figure 23a-b). long uninterrupted settlement for more than fifteen centuries, while a likely nearby large centre such as Surtepe had alternate settlement periods with long hiatuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Tilbes, Surtepe and Tilvez Mounds: An Approach about the Early Bronze Ia-Ib phases, north of Birecik-Carchemish subregion (Southeastern Turkey)

Fuensanta¹,

Martín²,

Muminov³

2023

CuPAUAM

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The Early Bronze (EB) I culture in the Turkish Middle Euphrates is of particular importance to our Tilbes Project. Such an archaeological period was discovered in three of the archaeological sites under our supervision. We have been able to differentiate two different moments in the character of the occupation during this Early Bronze Age I, Phases Ia and Ib. The EB Ia phase is characterized by a large urbanization and extensive settlement of the places of Surtepe Höyük, Tilvez/Meteler Höyük and Tilbes Höyük. However, the EB Ib phase, which seems to have continued in at least two of the places, Surtepe and Tilbes Höyük, does not present large remains of monumental architecture and does show an increase in funerary remains in both places. Tilbes Höyük also had, during EB Ia-b, a building with ritual-religious characteristics, built in the same place that was later occupied by BA II and BA III sanctuaries in sector E4a-E8-E3. This area of Birecik is included in the ceramic province of the Late Reserved Slip Ware and indicates a change of orientation of Tilbes and Surtepe towards the Northern Levant, the region of the future kingdom of Ebla, as opposed to the route of the Euphrates, dominant during the Late Chalcolithic.

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Section: The Pottery Of the Eba Ia-ib Levels Of Tilbes Höyüksupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Tilbes, Surtepe and Tilvez Mounds: An Approach about the Early Bronze Ia-Ib phases, north of Birecik-Carchemish subregion (Southeastern Turkey)

Fuensanta¹,

Martín²,

Muminov³

2023

CuPAUAM

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“…In this respect, extensive excavations of burial grounds such as that of Gedikli-Karahöyük and Bilecik, in the region of southern flatlands, present a mix of burial customs ranging from cremation, cist grave in simple inhumation, pithos burials as well as chamber tombs -all in the same cemetery contemporary to each other. Here we feel justified to consider these cemeteries as signifying the coming of communities of distinct cultural traditions living together, being fully adopted to the local culture (Duru 2006(Duru , 2010Laneri 1999;Sertok & Ergeç 1999). and Eurasia (2023) 1-58 Yet another phenomenon of Kura-Aras migration is its infiltration southwards through the Amanos Mountains going as far south as Palestine, bringing with them their easily recognisable hand-made red-black burnished pottery wares and the typical andirons (Amiran 1989), locally named after the type-site of Khirbet Kerak (Bethyrah) (Amiran 1952;Greenberg 2007).…”

Section: Early Bronze Age As the Time Of Changementioning

confidence: 99%

The Making of The Early Bronze Age in Anatolia

Özdoğan

2023

Old World J. Anc. Afr. Eurasia

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In Anatolian archaeology, as it is the case in the neighbouring regions of the Near East and Aegean, the Bronze Age is considered in three consecutive stages, however, defined not in accordance with metallurgical achievements, but on changing modalities in social and economic structures. Before the beginning of the Early Bronze Age there were fully established farming communities across almost all of Anatolia, though subsisting mainly on family-level farming with no indication of complex social structuring. Likewise, during the final stages of the Late Chalcolithic there was a notable decrease in population, particularly in Central and Western Anatolia. In this respect, the south-eastern parts of Anatolia differ considerably from the rest of the peninsula, developing a complex socio-economic model in connection with the bordering regions of Syro-Mesopotamia. This pattern changed by incoming migration from the north, with subsequent dense population patterns in the eastern and western parts of the peninsula. Following the reorganization and consolidation of this system, the Early Bronze Age is characterized by urbanisation, institutionalized long-distance trade, intensification and revolutionized agricultural and weaving practices. The urban model that developed in Anatolia differs considerably from those of the Near East both in size and in organization. The Middle Bronze Age is marked by state formations, which by the Late Bronze Age developed into empires with their own foreign policies. Concerning the role of metals, copper and lead were used since the Neolithic and arsenic bronze by the Late Chalcolithic. The Bronze Age may be viewed as a time of mass production and development of complex technologies in casting, alloying and forming.

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“…Similar orientations are also attested at the Birecik Early Bronze Age I-II Cemetery located approximately 17 km to the north. 33 Aşağı Salat Cemetery to the east of Bismil in Diyarbakır province is dated to the transition period from the Late Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Ages. 34 The 53 stone cists were oriented in a southeast-northwest direction.…”

Section: Early Bronze Age Cemeteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflection on the Sunrise Positions in Early and Middle Bronze Age Extramural Cemeteries in Anatolia

Ökse

2020

Adalya

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In Early and Middle Bronze Ages extramural cemeteries in Anatolia, burials are occasionally oriented towards the rising sun in various seasons. The orientations of Early Bronze Age burials cluster towards the sunrise in autumn and winter; however, this differs in Middle Bronze Age cemeteries. Burials in Çavlum are mainly oriented towards the rising sun in summer, those in Yanarlar in spring, and in Gordion the winter months. The orientations towards the sunrise from the equinox to the summer solstice in Yanarlar, Tatıka and Çavlum may reflect the superiority of light to darkness, or life to death. Only a few burials are oriented towards the rising sun during the harvest period. In the Early Bronze Age cemeteries of Gre Virike, Aşağı Salat, Elmalı-Karataş and Babaköy, sunrise positions during one month after the autumn equinox dominate. In this month, fields are sown; henceforth, seeds wait for sprouting until the following spring. The rising sun between the equinox and winter solstice is preferred in the Middle Bronze Age, making a peak during the month prior to the winter solstice when animals mate. These give birth after around five months. This natural cycle might have been associated with the dead waiting in the grave like seeds in the ground or like the fetus awaiting life in the spring.

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A New Early Bronze Age Cemetery

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Tilbes, Surtepe and Tilvez Mounds: An Approach about the Early Bronze Ia-Ib phases, north of Birecik-Carchemish subregion (Southeastern Turkey)

Tilbes, Surtepe and Tilvez Mounds: An Approach about the Early Bronze Ia-Ib phases, north of Birecik-Carchemish subregion (Southeastern Turkey)

The Making of The Early Bronze Age in Anatolia

Reflection on the Sunrise Positions in Early and Middle Bronze Age Extramural Cemeteries in Anatolia

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