A new dynamic stiffness model with hysteresis of air springs based on thermodynamics

Wu, Mingyu; Yin, Hang; Li, X.B.; Lv, Jingcheng; Liang, Guanqun; Wei, Yintao

doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2021.116693

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…According to the transmission force characteristics of the air spring F = p A and stiffness definition, the general expression for the real part k Re of the dynamic stiffness of the air spring in the vertical direction is 3 where p b 0 is the initial absolute pressure, V b 0 is the initial volume, A eff is the effective area, γ is the specific heat ratio, and K b is the heat transfer coefficient. This paper mainly focuses on the influence of the rubber diaphragm on the real part of the dynamic stiffness and does not consider the hysteresis characteristics of the air spring due to heat exchange, diaphragm damping, and other characteristics.…”

Section: Dynamic Stiffness Theory For Rolling Lobe Air Spring Diaphragmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stiffness generated by the effective area can be measured and linearly fitted. 3 Since the actual indicator test result of the air spring is a hysteresis curve (as shown in Figure 5), it is necessary to extract the real part of the dynamic stiffness to apply it to the theory in this paper.…”

Section: Dynamic Stiffness Theory For Rolling Lobe Air Spring Diaphragmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A theoretical model of amplitude-dependent dynamical stiffness for cord-rubber air springs

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Based on the principle of minimum complementary energy, a theoretical model considering the additional dynamic stiffness caused by the structural deformation of the cord-rubber diaphragm is proposed. The capability of modeling the dynamic stiffness change of the rolling lobe air spring provides guidance for material selection and the design of the diaphragm structure. The directly measured geometric parameters in the proposed model have physical meanings, while the relevant material parameters can be identified by combining the mechanics of composite materials and the Payne effect theory of rubber diaphragm structures. Three air springs with different designs and structures were selected for the indicator test and compared with the theoretical value. The comparison results show that the relative error was less than 3%, which verifies the universality and accuracy of the proposed dynamic stiffness theory of the rubber diaphragm. The results demonstrate that the amplitude-dependent additional stiffness generated by the rubber diaphragm is significant, and the lobe bending moment has the most considerable stiffness contribution to the rolling lobe air spring at low amplitudes. In the end, the changing trend of the entire dynamic stiffness with different design factors is given. The rubber diaphragm stiffness theory of rolling lobe air springs proposed in this paper provides powerful assistance for material selection and shape design for car air springs.

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Section: Dynamic Stiffness Theory For Rolling Lobe Air Spring Diaphragmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dynamic Stiffness Theory For Rolling Lobe Air Spring Diaphragmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical model of amplitude-dependent dynamical stiffness for cord-rubber air springs

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…The related chassis components are the vehicle suspension system assembly, which has numerous types of structures. The traditional air suspension with strong carrying capacity, adjustable body height, low natural frequency and good ride comfort is widely applied in luxury coaches, urban buses and trucks [1][2][3][4][5]. Nevertheless, with the continuous development of vibration isolation technology, it is gradually found that passive air suspension with single performance cannot meet the current needs, and the integration of new air suspension configurations with electrified and intelligent technologies is becoming a research hotspot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-active control of a new quasi-zero stiffness air suspension for commercial vehicles based on event-triggered H∞ dynamic output feedback

Jiang

Chen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To further improve the multi-objective comprehensive vibration isolation performance of commercial vehicles and save network resource occupation, this paper proposes a new configuration of semi-active quasizero stiffness air suspension (QZSAS) with network communication architecture, and a matching dynamic output feedback control (DOFC) strategy considering eventtriggered mechanism. The semi-active QZSAS is mainly composed of a positive stiffness air spring, a pair of negative stiffness double-acting cylinders and two CDC dampers. Event-triggered mechanism determines whether the control signal is updated by judging the measured signal to save communication resources. Firstly, The nonlinear stiffness of the suspension system is regarded as an uncertain parameter and processed by constructing a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller model. Then, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method is employed to design the dynamic output feedback controller under the linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraint to ensure system stability with H ∞ performance index. Finally, the co-simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test results show that the presented new semi-active QZSAS structure and the DOFC method considering eventtriggered mechanism can significantly improve the multiobjective performance of commercial vehicles under different driving conditions with significantly reducing the network communication burden.

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“…Zhu et al 7 proposed a linear Zener model that can describe the dynamic stiffness of air springs with an auxiliary chamber based on engineering thermodynamics and the aerodynamic theory. Wu et al 8 investigated the accuracy of the dynamic stiffness of air springs described by the Zener model based on the thermodynamic point of view and found that air springs are dependent on nonlinear parameters and frequencies. Larsson et al 9 studied the micro-mechanically driven, quasi-static to dynamic failure response of fiber-reinforced unidirectional composite viscoelastic materials under finite deformation conditions based on the Zener model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Moreover, the nonlinear vibration in a porous medium can be modeled by the fractal vibration theory, which was first proposed by He et al 23,24 Although traditional integer-order models can be applied to describe the mechanical properties of vibration isolation materials, the description of the frequency dependence phenomenon in vibration isolation systems is lack of investigations. 8 From this point of view, the fractional-order model is more accurate in practical engineering situations. 12,25,26 Fractional-order models can be applied to not only describe the amplitude dependence and frequency dependence of rubber but also the stress relaxation and creep properties of viscoelastic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of super-harmonic resonance and periodic motion transition of fractional nonlinear vibration isolation system

Yang

et al. 2022

Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control

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The precision instruments and equipment are often utilized in low-frequency and micro-amplitude vibration systems, in which many vibration isolators of rubber materials are widely used. Ignoring the low-frequency amplitude will result in errors in the fatigue life design of the vibration isolators and predicting the dynamic response of each frequency band accurately becomes necessary. However, integer-order models cannot describe the frequency dependence of rubber materials, while the fractional-order models can describe it instead. On the other hand, the elastic restoring force is strongly nonlinear under large deformation, and the vibration of the nonlinear system contains multiple harmonic components. In order to solve those issues, the fractional nonlinear Nishimura model is used to characterize the constitutive relation of vibration isolators such as air springs, which are made of carbon black filled natural rubber. The high-order harmonic balance method is used to obtain the steady-state response of the vibration system, while the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is applied to simulate the dynamic response of the system in the low-frequency region, and the Lyapunov exponent is used to determine the stability of the system. Furthermore, the influence of parameters on the amplitude–frequency characteristics of different frequency bands is also studied, and a method to solve the optimal damping coefficient is proposed based on the primary resonance amplitude–frequency curves. The results show that there is a diversity of periodic motions in the process of adjacent super-harmonic resonance transition. Numerical simulations also demonstrate that multi-periodic motions coexist in the system. The motion transition law between the polymorphic coexistence region and its adjacent regions is summarized.

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A new dynamic stiffness model with hysteresis of air springs based on thermodynamics

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

A theoretical model of amplitude-dependent dynamical stiffness for cord-rubber air springs

A theoretical model of amplitude-dependent dynamical stiffness for cord-rubber air springs

Semi-active control of a new quasi-zero stiffness air suspension for commercial vehicles based on event-triggered H∞ dynamic output feedback

Analysis of super-harmonic resonance and periodic motion transition of fractional nonlinear vibration isolation system

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