A new dynamic clothing model. Part 2: Parameters of the underclothing microclimate

Effect of movement on convection and ventilation in a skin-clothing-environment system

“…An important conclusion from their study was that there was a reduction of clothing thermal insulation by 33% for males and 51% for females; this indicates that the garment fit (shape of enclosed air volume) and different moving patterns of females and males has a considerable impact on the pumping effect. Several studies have quantified the effect of body movement, ambient air speed and ventilation on clothing thermal insulation through linear regression [7][8][9]. A major shortcoming of these regression based models is that they provide correction coefficients for the resultant clothing insulation.…”

Review of heat and water vapor transfer through multilayer fabrics

“…[1][2][3][4] In hot environments or at high activity levels, evaporation of sweat becomes an important avenue of body heat loss and fabrics must allow water vapor to escape in time to maintain the relative humidity between the skin and the first layer of clothing at about 50%. [5][6][7][8][9] If resistance to water vapor diffusion is high, the water vapor transfer is impeded and the discomfort sensation of dampness and clamminess may arise.…”

Clothing Thermal Insulation During Sweating

“…It is used to determine the heat stress of a clothed person in a hot environment in terms of the required evaporation for thermal equilibrium, required sweat rate, and skin wetness (ISO 7933 [8], Parsons [ I3]), and to determine cold stress in a cold condition in terms of the required insulation (Holmer [6]). It is also an important measure of the effectiveness of clothing functional design and suitability of clothing systems (Mecheels and Umbach [ I 1 ]) for intended end uses.In the past, there has been considerable research on the effects of human physical activities and climatic conditions, (i.e., wind and surrounding temperature) on clothing thermal insulation (Lotens and Havenith [9], Holmer et al [7], Havenith et al [5], Sari and Berger [14], and Fan and Keighley [3]), but there has been comparatively little work on the effect of human perspiration on insulation. Consequently, clothing thermal insulation measured or predicted in nonperspiring (or dry) conditions is used to calculate the heat transfer through clothing when the body is perspiring (or sweating) with the possibility of error.…”

“…In the past, there has been considerable research on the effects of human physical activities and climatic conditions, (i.e., wind and surrounding temperature) on clothing thermal insulation (Lotens and Havenith [9], Holmer et al [7], Havenith et al [5], Sari and Berger [14], and Fan and Keighley [3]), but there has been comparatively little work on the effect of human perspiration on insulation. Consequently, clothing thermal insulation measured or predicted in nonperspiring (or dry) conditions is used to calculate the heat transfer through clothing when the body is perspiring (or sweating) with the possibility of error.…”