A new dynamic clothing model. Part 2: Parameters of the underclothing microclimate

Sari, Hayet; Berger, X.

doi:10.1016/s1290-0729(00)00212-x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…[1][2][3][4] In hot environments or at high activity levels, evaporation of sweat becomes an important avenue of body heat loss and fabrics must allow water vapor to escape in time to maintain the relative humidity between the skin and the first layer of clothing at about 50%. [5][6][7][8][9] If resistance to water vapor diffusion is high, the water vapor transfer is impeded and the discomfort sensation of dampness and clamminess may arise.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review of heat and water vapor transfer through multilayer fabrics

Huang

2015

Textile Research Journal

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Multilayer fabrics have been widely used for cold weather clothing and thermal protective clothing. The thermal and water vapor resistances provided by multilayer fabrics are of considerable importance in determining thermal comfort of clothing. Firstly, those studies on the steady-state heat and water vapor transfer through multilayer fabrics are summarized. There are three circumstances between thermal resistance of individual layers and the total thermal resistance of multilayer fabrics, that is, additive thermal resistance of individual layers, less resistance per additional layer, and more resistance per additional layer. Secondly, an overview on unsteady-state heat and water vapor transfer through multilayer fabrics is presented. Thirdly, the models on the heat and water vapor transfer through multilayer fabrics at both steady state and unsteady state are summed up. Finally, several research themes for the future are described.

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confidence: 99%

Review of heat and water vapor transfer through multilayer fabrics

Huang

2015

Textile Research Journal

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“…In the past, there has been considerable research on the effects of human physical activities and climatic conditions, (i.e., wind and surrounding temperature) on clothing thermal insulation (Lotens and Havenith [9], Holmer et al. [7], Havenith et al [5], Sari and Berger [14], and Fan and Keighley [3]), but there has been comparatively little work on the effect of human perspiration on insulation. Consequently, clothing thermal insulation mea-sured or predicted in nonperspiring (or dry) conditions is used to calculate the heat transfer through clothing when the body is perspiring (or sweating) with the possibility of error.…”

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confidence: 99%

Clothing Thermal Insulation During Sweating

Chen

Fan

Zhang

2003

Textile Research Journal

123

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Heat transfer through clothing is an important topic related to thermal comfort in environmental engineering and functional clothing design. The total heat transmitted through clothing is commonly considered as the sum of the dry heat transfer and the evaporative heat transfer. Clothing thermal insulation measured in a nonperspiring condition, e.g., on a dry thermal manikin, is frequently used to calculate the dry heat transfer when the body is perspiring or even sweating heavily. The effect of perspiration on clothing thermal insulation with respect to dry heat transfer is not well understood, although it is widely speculated that perspiration reduces thermal insulation by wetting clothing assemblies. In this investigation, clothing thermal insulation with very low perspiration and very heavy perspiration is measured using a novel perspiring fabric thermal manikin. Clothing thermal insulation decreases during perspiration, and the amount of reduction varies from 2 to 8%, as related to water accumulation within clothing ensembles. This finding suggests the "after chill" effect of wearers after heavy exercise may not only be caused by heat absorption due to the desorption and evaporation of water within clothing, but also to reduced clothing thermal insulation. Also, for clothing that can absorb a large amount of moisture during sweating, clothing thermal insulation measured on dry manikins may need to be corrected when used for calculating dry heat loss (sometimes used for calculating moisture vapor resistance) on a sweating manikin and predicting thermal comfort during sweating.Clothing thermal insulation is an important parameter in thermal comfort. It is used to determine the heat stress of a clothed person in a hot environment in terms of the required evaporation for thermal equilibrium, required sweat rate, and skin wetness (ISO 7933 [8], Parsons [ I3]), and to determine cold stress in a cold condition in terms of the required insulation (Holmer [6]). It is also an important measure of the effectiveness of clothing functional design and suitability of clothing systems (Mecheels and Umbach [ I 1 ]) for intended end uses.In the past, there has been considerable research on the effects of human physical activities and climatic conditions, (i.e., wind and surrounding temperature) on clothing thermal insulation (Lotens and Havenith [9], Holmer et al. [7], Havenith et al. [5], Sari and Berger [14], and Fan and Keighley [3]), but there has been comparatively little work on the effect of human perspiration on insulation. Consequently, clothing thermal insulation measured or predicted in nonperspiring (or dry) conditions is used to calculate the heat transfer through clothing when the body is perspiring (or sweating) with the possibility of error.

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“…Since the under-clothing air-gap thickness directly affects the air exchange in the under-clothing space, air-gap thicknesses of 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 mm were considered in this test. 18,19 Three under-clothing airflow velocities were used: 0.17, 1, and 2 m/s, to Simulating these types of experimental conditions can establish some basis for subsequent research. The rise in the temperature values of the TPP sensor was recorded.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of under‐clothing airflow on thermal protective performance and thermal aging behaviors of flame‐retardant fabric

Zhang,

Tian,

Huang

et al. 2023

Fire and Materials

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To investigate the effects of under‐clothing airflows on the thermal protection performance (TPP) and thermal aging of flame‐retardant fabrics, we constructed an under‐clothing air‐gap ventilation device based on the TPP tester. This device can generate different levels of airflow velocities such as 0.17, 1.0, and 2.0 m/s. The flame‐retardant fabrics were exposed to a heat flux of 30 kW/m2 to simulate an indoor fire scene. The impacts of under‐clothing airflows on the heat transfer behaviors of fabrics were analyzed with the temperature rise measured by thermocouples. The thermal aging behavior of the fabric was investigated based on the outer‐shell morphology, mass loss, and residual tensile strength. The results of this study indicated that the under‐clothing airflow enhanced the TPP of flame‐retardant fabric and the best TPP was achieved under the airflow of 1.0 m/s. Under‐clothing airflow increased the post‐thermal‐exposure mass loss of the fabric but did not further decrease the tensile strength. Higher severity thermal aging occurred for 2.0 m/s airflow than for 1.0 m/s airflow. The findings of this study are important for TPP prediction for firefighters' clothing and will help optimize firefighters' clothing design.

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A new dynamic clothing model. Part 2: Parameters of the underclothing microclimate

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Review of heat and water vapor transfer through multilayer fabrics

Review of heat and water vapor transfer through multilayer fabrics

Clothing Thermal Insulation During Sweating

Effects of under‐clothing airflow on thermal protective performance and thermal aging behaviors of flame‐retardant fabric

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