A New Dromaeosaurid Theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Ömnögov, Mongolia)

Norell, Mark A.; Clark, James M.; Turner, Alan H.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Барсболд, Ринчен; Rowe, Timothy

doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3545[1:andtfu]2.0.co;2

Cited by 163 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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Mentioning

286

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“…Surface structures, such as ridges or depressions indicative of a jugal diverticulum, are absent. No foramina indicative of internal pneumatization are present, in contrast to other derived theropods (Witmer, 1997;Norell et al, 2006Norell et al, , 2009. The ventral margin is slightly curved and bears a flat depression ventromedially, possibly for the origin of m. pterygoideus dorsalis (m. PTd) (Lautenschlager, 2013).…”

Section: Jugalmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…1, 2, 8A-C) is a triradiate bone, with a rostral frontal process, a caudal squamosal process, and a ventral jugal process. The frontal process is transversely expanded and curves dorsally from the main body of the postorbital as in other maniraptorans (Currie, 1985;Norell et al, 2006Norell et al, , 2009. Medially, it splits into a main process and smaller accessory medial projection.…”

Section: Postorbitalmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is only loosely attached to the latter and not coossified as in troodontids (Makovicky and Norell, 2004) or some dromaeosaurids (Norell et al, 2006). The wedge-shaped prefrontal of E. andrewsi is dorsoventrally flat and bears no ventral process, in contrast to the condition found in ornithomimosaurs (Makovicky et al, 2003).…”

Section: Prefrontalmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In comparison with other maniraptoriformes, the maxillary fenestra is small and located more caudally. A promaxillary fenestra, as found in troodontids (Xu et al, 2002b), dromaeosaurids (Norell et al, 2006), and other theropods (Witmer, 1997), is absent in E. andrewsi. A small promaxillary fenestra has been described for a therizinosauroid embryo (Kundrat et al, 2008), but is absent in the basal therizinosaurian Jianchangosaurus (Pu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Maxillamentioning

confidence: 95%

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Cranial anatomy ofErlikosaurus andrewsi(Dinosauria, Therizinosauria): new insights based on digital reconstruction

Lautenschlager

Witmer

Altangerel

et al. 2014

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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ABSTRACT-The skull of Erlikosaurus andrewsi from the Upper Cretaceous Baishin Tsav locality of Mongolia represents the only known three-dimensionally preserved and nearly complete skull of a therizinosaurian. Computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the original specimen and three-dimensional visualization techniques allow the cranial skeleton to be digitally prepared, disarticulated, and restored. Here, we present a detailed description of the restored skull morphology and the individual cranial elements, including visualization of the internal neurovascular and pneumatic structures. Information gained from this study is used in a revised and emended diagnosis for E. andrewsi. A reappraisal of the evolutionary and functional changes in the cranial skeleton as provided by this study supports prior proposals that a keratinous sheath or rhamphotheca was developed early in the evolution of Therizinosauria. Paralleled by the reduction of functional and replacement teeth, this development indicates a shift in the manner of food processing/procurement at the tip of the snout.

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Section: Jugalmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Postorbitalmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Prefrontalmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Maxillamentioning

confidence: 95%

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Cranial anatomy ofErlikosaurus andrewsi(Dinosauria, Therizinosauria): new insights based on digital reconstruction

Lautenschlager

Witmer

Altangerel

et al. 2014

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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“…The recent American-Mongolian expeditions (1990 to the present) have followed that tradition and results have been plentiful, including the discovery of one of the richest Mesozoic localities in the world, Ukhaa Tolgod (Norell et al, , 2001(Norell et al, , 2006Novacek et al, 1994;Dashzeveg et al, 1995Dashzeveg et al, , 2005Rougier et al, 1996aRougier et al, , 1998Gao and Hou, 1996;Chiappe et al, 1998;Norell, 1998, 2000;Makovicky and Norell, 1998;Horovitz, 2000;Wible and Rougier, 2000;Clarke et al, 2001;Clarke and Norell, 2002;Makovicky et al, 2003;Ksepka and Norell, 2004;Norell and Hwang, 2004;Pol and Norell, 2004;Andres and Norell, 2005;Joyce and Norell, 2005;Dingus et al, 2008;Minjin, 2008). The Cretaceous localities of Mongolia, especially those of the Djadochta and similarly aged Barun Goyot Formations (Shuvalov, 2000;Jerzykiewicz, 2000), are exceptionally rich in well-preserved small vertebrates when compared to those in other parts of the world.…”

Section: Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

Craniodental anatomy of a new late cretaceous multituberculate mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia.

Sheth¹,

Subhash²

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A Comparative Morphological Study of the Jugal and Quadratojugal in Early Birds and Their Dinosaurian Relatives

Wang

2016

The Anatomical Record

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The zygoma (called jugal bar) in modern birds accounts for a large portion of the ventral margin of the cranium. As a delicate and rod-like element, the jugal bar is functionally integrated into the avian cranial kinesis, a unique property that allows the beak to be elevated or depressed with respect to the braincase and thus distinguishes birds from all other modern vertebrates. Developmental studies show that the jugal bar of modern birds is formed by the fusion of the jugal and quadratojugal that are ossified from separated centers. However, those two bones are unfused and exhibit complicated morphological variations in basal birds and their dinosaurian relatives. Moreover, the jugal and quadratojugal form rigid articulations with the postorbital and squamosal, respectively, consequently hindering the movement of the upper jaw in most non-avian dinosaurs and some basal birds. A comparative study of the jugal and quadratojugal morphology of basal birds and their close relatives such as dromaeosaurids and oviraptorids elucidates how modern birds has achieved its derived jugal bar morphology, and sheds light on the evolution of the postorbital configuration of birds. We propose that numerous morphological modifications of those two elements (morphology changes and reduced articulation with other elements) took place in early bird history, and some of them pertinent to the refinement of the cranial kinesis. Anat Rec, 300:62-75,

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A New Dromaeosaurid Theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Ömnögov, Mongolia)

Cited by 163 publications

References 5 publications

Cranial anatomy ofErlikosaurus andrewsi(Dinosauria, Therizinosauria): new insights based on digital reconstruction

Cranial anatomy ofErlikosaurus andrewsi(Dinosauria, Therizinosauria): new insights based on digital reconstruction

Craniodental anatomy of a new late cretaceous multituberculate mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia.

A Comparative Morphological Study of the Jugal and Quadratojugal in Early Birds and Their Dinosaurian Relatives

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