A New Disease in Tabernamontana Caused by Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus

Cohen, Jon; Rosner, A.; Kagan, S.; Lampel, S.; Beckelman, H.; Maslenin, Ludmila; Zeidan, M.; Gera, A.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2002.568.13

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…These host plants belong to four families, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, and Rubiaceae (one species in each), and Solanaceae (25 species). Recently, Surfinia trailing petunia (Calibrachoa or Petunia (Solanaceae), 38,39 Osteospermum (Asteraceae), 40 and Tabernamontana (Apocynaceae), 41 which are ornamental plants propagated in nurseries, have been reported as new hosts of TMGMV. Chai et al 42 have reported finding TMGMV in eggplant in China from mixed infections with tomato mottle mosaic virus (Tobamovirus).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Charudattan,

Hiebert,

Pettersen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BackgroundTobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 (TMGMV‐U2) is a registered active ingredient in a bioherbicide to control tropical soda apple (TSA), Solanum viarum, an invasive weed. As required for registration, we developed empirical data on the host‐virus interaction and the virus's host range, survival, spread, and genomic sequence.ResultsTMGMV‐U2 killed TSA plants by causing systemic hypersensitive necrosis (SHN). It elicited local lesions in inoculated leaves which was followed by the plant's wilting and death. It moved from inoculated terminal leaves through the vasculature to roots and then to newly developed leaves. Phloem death was implicated in wilting and plant death. The SHN response was attenuated in plants grown at constant 32 °C. TMGMV‐U2 titer in TSA was low compared to a systemically susceptible tobacco. The virus remained infective for up to 6 mo in infected dead TSA tissues and in soil in which infected plants had grown. Susceptible tobacco and pepper plants grown in soil that previously had infected dead TSA or in soil amended with the virus remained asymptomatic and virus‐free. A susceptible pepper crop grown in a field block following two consecutive crops of TMGMV‐U2‐infected susceptible tobacco grew disease‐free and virus‐free and without yield loss. Purified TMGMV‐U2 was infective for 1 yr when stored at ‐20 °C or 5 °C and for 1 mo at room temperature. No virus spread was found in the field. Genomic analyses confirmed the registered isolate to be a U2 strain and free of satellite TMV. The TMGMV‐U2‐susceptible species preponderantly belonged to the Solanaceae. A few hosts that were killed belonged to this family. Several new hosts to TMGMV‐U2 were found. These data enabled registration of TMGMV‐U2.ConclusionTMGMV‐U2 can be used safely as a bioherbicide without risks to nontarget plants and the environment.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Charudattan,

Hiebert,

Pettersen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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“…22 There are several recent reports of TMGMV incidences in plants grown in greenhouses or nurseries by clonal propagation, including several ornamental species. [66][67][68][69] Nonetheless, they are unlikely to be natural hosts to TMGMV. The primary reasons for the incidence of TMGMV (and other tobamoviruses) in clonally propagated plants are the use of contaminated cutting tools, repeated handling, and the use of tobacco products by nursery workers.…”

Section: Epa Registration: Considerations Of Possible Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several recent reports of TMGMV incidences in plants grown in greenhouses or nurseries by clonal propagation, including several ornamental species 66–69 . Nonetheless, they are unlikely to be natural hosts to TMGMV.…”

Section: The First and Only Epa‐registered Virus‐based Bioherbicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plant viruses as bioherbicides: the first virus‐based bioherbicide and future opportunities

Charudattan

2023

Pest Management Science

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Until recently, only a few plant viruses had been studied for use as biological control agents for weeds, but none was developed into a registered bioherbicide. This position changed in 2015 when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) granted an unrestricted Section 3 registration for tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) strain U2 as an herbicide active ingredient (a.i.) for a commercial bioherbicide (SolviNix LC). It is approved for the control of tropical soda apple (TSA, Solanum viarum), an invasive ‘noxious weed’ in the United States. TSA is a problematic weed in cattle pastures and natural areas in Florida. The TMGMV‐U2 product kills TSA consistently, completely, and within a few weeks after its application. It is part of the TSA integrated best management practice (BMP) in Florida along with approved chemical herbicides and a classical biocontrol agent, Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). TMGMV is nonpathogenic and nontoxic to humans, animals, and other fauna, environmentally safe, and as effective as chemical herbicides. Unlike the insect biocontrol agent, TMGMV kills and eliminates the weed from fields and helps recycle the dead biomass in the soil. Here the discovery, proof of concept, mode of action, risk analyses, application methods and tools, field testing, and development of the virus as the commercial product are reviewed. Also reviewed here are the data and scientific justifications advanced to answer the concerns raised about the use of the virus as a herbicide. The prospects for discovery and development of other plant‐virus‐based bioherbicides are discussed.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Impatiens necrotic spot virus was also identified for the first time in this genus. A new disease in Tabernamontana (Cape Jasmine) caused by Tobacco mild green mosaic virus was reported for the first time in Israel (Cohen et al. 2001).…”

Section: Reports Of "New" Viruses and New Diseases---1985-2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quarantine Viruses, Viroids and Phytoplasmas That Affect Movement of Ornamental Plants

Lawson¹,

Hsu²

2006

Acta Hortic.

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www.invasivespeeies.org.Newlnitiatives.html) provides a guide for trading partners and alerts them to pests of quarantine concern in the U.S. APHIS activities include an inspection at ports-of-entry, surveys of exotic pests, methods of risk mitigation and eradication programs. APHIS also oversees a post-entry program for vegetatively propagated materials entering the U.S. and a pie-clearance program from specific countries that allows products to enter without additional inspection following importation. The Pest List currently includes seventy viruses but only six of them infect ornamentals. Included are Arabis mosaic virus, Elm mottle virus, Raspberry ringspot virus, Tobacco ring.spot virus (Andean potato calico strain). Tomato b/ackring virus, and Colombian datura virus. During the last two years Raspberry ringspot virus, Tomato blackring virus, and Arabis mosaic virus were detected in samples sent to Agdia, Inc., (http://www.agdia.com). There are 93 genera and families of plants in the prohibited quarantine category in the U.S. regulations. Most are propagated vegetatively. There are very few restrictions on import of seeds. Prohibitions may apply to certain countries or to all countries depending on the risk assessment (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Title 7-Code of Federal Regulations-Part 319). Only four genera of cut flowers, including Rhododendron and azaleas, Camellia, Gardenia, Rosa and Svringu vu/guns are required to have written permits issued by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the USDA for entry into the U.S. Importers must also obtain phytosanitary certificates from the exporting country. The prohibited category includes many genera of nursery stock, plants, roots, bulbs and other plant products. Prohibited does not mean that all the materials classified as prohibited are restricted from entering the country (USDA Title 7-Code of Federal Regulations-Part 3 19). Prohibition is a function of both host and country of origin. Some articles that are intended for propagation may be in a restricted category that allows entry when specific requirements are fullfilled. For example. Chrysanthemum vegetative material can enter the country with a phytosanitary certificate from the nation of origin and a declaration that the greenhouse where the plants were grown was free of white rust based on visual inspection monthly for a period of four months prior to shipment. Imported Dianthus from Great Britian must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate and an additional declaration verifying that the propagated material was grown in a greenhouse free of Carnation etched ring virus, Carnation "streak' virus and Carnation "fleck" virus. In addition to the requirements imposed on the exporter, the importer may have to grow designated restricted articles in post-entry quarantine. Imported Chrysanthemum. Crocosmia, Dianthus, Gladiolus, Hibiscus, Hydrangea, Jasminum, Rosa, Syringa and Watsonia must all be grown in a protected environment that meets State regulations and must be perio...

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A New Disease in Tabernamontana Caused by Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Use of plant viruses as bioherbicides: the first virus‐based bioherbicide and future opportunities

Quarantine Viruses, Viroids and Phytoplasmas That Affect Movement of Ornamental Plants

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