A new digital electromechanical system for measurement of soil bulk density

Al-Shammary, Ahmed Abed Gatea; Kouzani, Abbas Z.; Saeed, Thamir R.; Rodrigo‐Comino, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.11.015

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, we recommend that studies be undertaken on the different representative soil types close to Baghdad and also that these be monitored for more concrete results. It is confirmed that the TCs are mostly controlled by soil bulk density, moisture content, and soil texture (Łydżba et al 2016;Al-Shammary et al 2019), which are also linked to thermal flux, soil thermal conductivity, and soil volumetric heat capacity (Levy and Schmidt 2016;Alrtimi et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A comparison of different solarisation systems and their impacts on soil thermal characteristics—an application in cultivated soils close to Baghdad, a highly populated city in Iraq

Al-Shammary

Kouzani

Gyasi‐Agyei

et al. 2019

Environ Monit Assess

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Solarisation application by mulching the soil with a polyethene plastic film has a significant influence on soil thermal characteristics (TCs), which, in turn, show a strong impact on soil energy balance and agricultural productivity. In countries like Iraq with highly populated cities, such as Baghdad, that need large quantities of agriproducts, this kind of clean energy should play a key role in sustainable agricultural production. However, little is known about the effects of different soil solarisation systems in specific cultivated fields for this country characterised by an arid climate and silty clay soils. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate changes in soil TCs under different soil solarisation systems (black and clear plastics) at three different soil depths in a two-factor factorial design. Also, both the black and clear plastic plots were compared with a control (without mulch) plot treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A comparison of different solarisation systems and their impacts on soil thermal characteristics—an application in cultivated soils close to Baghdad, a highly populated city in Iraq

Al-Shammary

Kouzani

Gyasi‐Agyei

et al. 2019

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Before the experiments, some soil properties were measured and are presented in Table 1. Soil ρ b and µ were measured under controlled conditions (no treatment) at three different soil depths with five replicates [14]. The particle size distribution was prepared according to the hydrometer procedure used by [52].…”

Section: Experimental Area Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microwave drying unit (MDU) consisted of a slotted waveguide, three volumetric cylinders (VCs), three load cells (LCs), a power transmission device, and a cutting scraper, as shown Figure 2B [14].…”

Section: Microwave Drying Unit (Mdu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, an innovative system has been developed to minimize errors during the remote measurement of soil bulk density at different soil depths in cultivated fields, i.e., the digital electromechanical system (DES) [13,14]. The DES for measurements is summarized in Al Shammary et al (2019) [14]. In brief, it involves several stages as follows: Inserting the DES into the soil to collect the soil samples; weighing and drying the collected soil samples with different drying times; estimating the soil ρ b by data processing with an electric control unit; and finally, sending the results to a PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Performance of the DES Sensor for Estimating Soil Bulk Density under the Effect of Different Agronomic Practices

et al. 2020

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The estimation of soil wet bulk density (ρn) and dry bulk density (ρb) using the novel digital electromechanical system (DES) has provided information about important parameters for the assessment of soil quality and health with a direct application for agronomists. The evaluation of the DES performance is particularly appropriate for different tillage methods, mulching systems, and fertilizers used to increase soil fertility and productivity, but currently, there is a lack of information, particularly in the arid areas in underdeveloped countries. Therefore, the main aim of this study was the application of a novel digital electromechanical system (DES) to evaluate bulk density, wet (ρn) and dry (ρb), under different soil treatments according to the variations in thermal efficiencies (ηth), microwave penetration depths (MDP), and specific energy consumption (Qcon) in an experimental area close to Baghdad (Iraq). The experimental design consisted of 72 plots, each 4 m2. The agronomic practices included two different tillage systems (disc plough followed by a spring disk and mouldboard plough followed by a spring disk) and twelve treatments involving mulching plastic sheeting combined with fertilizers, to determine their effect on the measured soil ρn and ρb and the DES performance in different soils. The results indicated that soil ρn and ρb varied significantly with both the tillage systems and the mulching systems. As expected, the soil ρn and ρb, MDP, and Qcon increased with an increase in the soil depth. Moreover, the tillage, soil mulching, and soil depth value significantly affected ηth and Qcon. A strong relationship was identified between the soil tillage and MDP for different soil treatments, leading to the changes in soil ρb and the soil dielectric constant (ε’).

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Experimental investigation of a digital electromechanical system to measure soil bulk density in a silty clay soil under different solarisation practices

Al-Shammary¹,

Kouzani²,

Mouazen³

2019

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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A new digital electromechanical system for measurement of soil bulk density

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

A comparison of different solarisation systems and their impacts on soil thermal characteristics—an application in cultivated soils close to Baghdad, a highly populated city in Iraq

A comparison of different solarisation systems and their impacts on soil thermal characteristics—an application in cultivated soils close to Baghdad, a highly populated city in Iraq

The Performance of the DES Sensor for Estimating Soil Bulk Density under the Effect of Different Agronomic Practices

Experimental investigation of a digital electromechanical system to measure soil bulk density in a silty clay soil under different solarisation practices

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