A New Design of Compact <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">4</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> Butler Matrix for ISM Applications

Traii, Mbarek; Nedil, Mourad; Gharsallah, Ali; Denidni, Tayeb A.

doi:10.1155/2008/784526

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The 4 × 4 BM is the most common structure; a variety of techniques and configurations have been presented in the literature for the realization of such a BM [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. One of them is the CMOS technology, which has been used to implement a fully integrated 4 × 4 BM for smart antenna systems [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of them is the CMOS technology, which has been used to implement a fully integrated 4 × 4 BM for smart antenna systems [3]. A design based on Lange couplers has been presented by [4] in an attempt to reduce the size of the structure with low cost. The size reduction of the network has, also, been achieved by using the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays

Adamidis

Vardiambasis

Ioannidou

et al. 2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Single-layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler matrices (BMs) that operate in the L and S bands are implemented in this paper. Easy-to-fabricate microstrip layout topologies are designed and constructed; the final arrangement of the BMs allows realization without any crossovers. The performance of the networks is evaluated by measuring their frequency response. The return loss (RL) and the isolation are below -15 dB over the operation bandwidth for all structures, whereas the average insertion loss is less than 1 dB for the 4 × 4 BM and does not exceed 3 dB for the 8 × 8 BM. The amplitude imbalance is at most 0.5 dB and 1.5 dB, for the 4 × 4 and the 8 × 8 BMs, respectively. Moreover, multibeam antenna arrays fed by the BMs are constructed. The radiation patterns are measured and compared with theoretical data; a good agreement is achieved. The side lobes are sufficiently low, compared to the theoretical predictions, whereas they are further reduced by applying appropriate excitation schemes to the input ports of the BMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays

Adamidis

Vardiambasis

Ioannidou

et al. 2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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“…To overcome this issue, a Butler matrix must have high accuracy dimensions to ensure that the radiation beams point in the desired directions. Previous studies on the Butler matrix focused on the improvement of circuit performance and size reduction of the structure at frequencies below 10 GHz by eliminating some circuit elements [20][21][22][23] Although these research works successfully reduced the number of circuit elements, these techniques were only valid for a 4 ×4 Butler matrix and were not applicable for higher-order Butler matrices, as the structures of these matrices are more complex and difficult to design. In addition, the wavelength of the millimeter wave is very small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and characterization of a compact single-layer multibeam array antennausing an 8×8 Butler matrix for 5G base station applications

Idrus¹,

Latef²,

Aridas³

et al. 2020

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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A multibeam array antenna employing a Butler matrix is a promising solution for fifth generation (5G) base stations. Due to inaccurate phase differences between output ports in the Butler matrix, the radiation characteristics could show incorrect main beam directions. In addition, the literature has also reported the issue of high amplitude imbalance in the Butler matrix. This paper presents a single-layer multibeam array antenna fed by an 8 × 8 Butler matrix operating at 28 GHz for 5G base station applications-a more cost-effective solution for large-scale production.The Butler matrix consists of twelve quadrature hybrids, sixteen crossovers, and eight phase shifters. This circuit was integrated with eight antenna elements at the output ports of the Butler matrix. The proposed multibeam array antenna was fabricated using a low dielectric constant and a low loss tangent substrate. The dimensions of the multibeam array antenna were 88 × 106 × 0.254 mm 3 . The Butler matrix achieved low insertion losses and low phase error with average values of 2.5 dB and less than ±10 • at 28 GHz, respectively. The measured return losses were less than −10 dB at 28 GHz. The measured radiation patterns were obtained and eight main beams were pointed at ±6 • , ±18 • , ±30 • , and ±44 • with measured gains between 9 dBi and 14 dBi.

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“…Many architectures of Butler matrix using wideband crossovers have been proposed [6][7][8]. Some other configurations have been investigated allowing to reduce dimensions without offering very wide bandwidth [9,10]. Few authors have suggested different matrix configurations that does not require crossing lines [11][12][13][14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Wideband Multilayer Butler Matrix Using Cb-CPW Technology

Kilani¹,

Nedil²,

Kandil³

et al. 2012

PIER C

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Abstract-This paper presents a novel design of a 4 × 4 twolayer wideband Butler matrix using a CB-CPW wideband multilayer directional coupler as well as a novel CB-CPW wideband elliptic directional coupler. With this configuration, the proposed matrix was designed to avoid crossovers as in conventional Butler matrices, thus reducing its size, losses and the design complexity while leading to a broad bandwidth of 3 GHz. To evaluate the performance of the proposed matrix, experimental prototypes of the directional elliptic coupler, the CB-CPW multilayer directional coupler and Butler matrix were fabricated and measured. Furthermore, a 4-element antenna array was connected to the matrix to form a beamforming antenna system at 5.8 GHz. As a result, four orthogonal beams were realized in the band 4.5-7.5 GHz.

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A New Design of Compact 4×4 Butler Matrix for ISM Applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays

Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays

Design and characterization of a compact single-layer multibeam array antennausing an 8×8 Butler matrix for 5G base station applications

Novel Wideband Multilayer Butler Matrix Using Cb-CPW Technology

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