A new copper complex on functionalized magnetic biochar nano-sized materials as sustainable heterogeneous catalysts for C–O bond formation in the natural deep eutectic solvent

A multidentate copper complex on magnetic biochar nanoparticles as a practical and recoverable nanocatalyst for the selective synthesis of tetrazole derivatives

“…In addition, nanomaterials have high stability and are heterogeneous in nature, enabling them to be easily recovered and reused like heterogeneous catalysts. In this context, various nanoparticles such as boehmite, [13][14][15] mesoporous silica materials, [16][17][18] graphene oxide, [19][20][21] MOF compounds, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] carbon nanostructures, 32,33 polymers, 34 biochar, 35,36 and magnetic particles 37 have been reported as catalysts or catalyst supports. However, most of these materials are synthesized from mineral and non-renewable chemical compounds, which are against the principles of green and modern chemistry.…”

“…This limitation can be overcome by biochar magnetic nanocomposites as a new and ideal methodology, which can be easily separated by an external magnet. 48–51 For example, in 2024 biochar was magnetized by magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles 36 and magnetic Ni nanoparticles. 48 But, biochar, and Fe(0) particles – with high surface area and stability – have rarely been used for the magnetization of materials.…”