A new control design strategy for automatic voltage regulator in power system

Design of fractional order PID controller for AVR system using whale optimization algorithm

“…To show the system performance based on optimal FOPID controller a comparison with classical PID is done (tuned using WOA also), Figure 6 indicates the system response for the optimal controllers PID and FOPID, and the gains of the optimal controllers are listed in Table 3 The difference between the proposed controller and classical PID controller appears in the step response analysis, this is due to the benefits of fractional mathematic effect on system response as shown it has fast settling time with 38% faster than the classical PID controller and the small overshoot (1.24) which achieve a stable and efficient desired response. In Table 5 a comparison with other controllers is explained based on parameters of response analysis, as shown from the analysis the FOPID controller is faster than PID [8], [9], fuzzy PI, and fuzzy 2 PI [15] controllers in tracking the desired value with faster settling time (0.213s) with small overshoot value but if compared with [6] it can be seen that it have very small overshoot value but also have slow settling time, the proposed FOPID is faster than [6] by nearly 47.25 %, this difference due to the smart WOA that tune the gains of the controller to optimum values then lead the system to reach to the desired response. To obtain the controller efforts for the two controllers (PID and FOPOID) the energy and maximum control signal is calculated as shown in Table 6, it explains that the FOPID controller has the highest control effort.…”

“…The AVR suffers from some points that appeared in its output response like oscillation, overshoot, and an error in its value in the steadystate, so for solving all these points a closed loop with an efficient controller will remove these undesired values so it can be seen that many researchers proposed different controlling approaches to reach to stability in response and robustness in the behavior of AVR system [4], like using the classical PID controller with new optimization method to tune its gain for reaching to accurate and suitable value that drives stable response, in [5] 1411 optimization (WO), symbiotic organism search (SOS), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and finally hybrid between PSO-SOS tuning methods, finally compared between all these methods to choose the best of them also in [6]- [9] the PID controller with different optimization method is used to tune the gains for a stable desired response, while in [10]- [14] suggest a controller with an improvement in its structure depending on the mathematics of fractional calculus called fractional order PID (FOPID) which achieve efficient response as compared with other controllers. In [15] a combination between Fuzzy and PID controller is applied in a way of combine fuzzy with proportional (FP) and fuzzy with integration (FI) and fuzzy with differential (FD) to be (FP + FI + FD), then for reaching robust response a genetic algorithm (GA) is combined with and PSO (HGAPSO) is adopted while in [16] a two robust method is used to regulate the AVR response, fuzzy and fuzzy type2 with PI controller is proposed then used different tuning methods to adjust the values of the controller gains to achieve stable response and finally compare between them to find the suitable way that achieves robustness and fast desired response.…”

A novel fractional order PID plus derivative (PIλDµDµ2) controller for AVR system using equilibrium optimizer

“…V t is the terminal voltage signal of the generator. 1 gives the gain and time constants of each components in the AVR system (Bhookya and Kumar, 2019;Sahib, 2015;Sikander and Thakur, 2020;. The values we used in the study are given in the utilized gain and utilized time constant columns.…”

“…Therefore, the design and control of AVR plays an important role in power systems. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the AVR system with PID controller (Sikander and Thakur, 2020;. In the block diagram, U is the control input of the system.…”

Optimization of a Fuzzy Automatic Voltage Controller Using Real-Time Recurrent Learning

“…In addition, in [11] is presented a technique to determine optimal value gains of a PID controller for an AVR using Cuckoo Search (CS) evolutionary algorithm. The dynamic performance of the proposed controller is evaluated considering the transitory response characteristics like the rise time, settling time, overshoot, and steady state error.…”