A new contribution to the history of probiotics

Calatayud, Guillermo Álvarez; Súarez, Juan E.

doi:10.3920/bm2017.x002

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Probiotic intake has long been associated with a longer, healthier life [1, 2, 6]. In the late 1800s, it was hypothesized that lactobacillus strains produce factors that benefit gastrointestinal metabolism, the intestinal epithelium and health [1–3, 6, 7]. It was also thought that ingestion of beneficial bacteria could help treat disease through the restoration of the microbiota composition.…”

Section: History Of Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Probiotic Regulation of Bone and Mineral Metabolism

McCabe

Parameswaran

2018

Calcif Tissue Int

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Probiotics have been consumed by humans for thousands of years because they are beneficial for long-term storage of foods and promote the health of their host. Ingested probiotics reside in the gastrointestinal tract where they have many effects including modifying the microbiota composition, intestinal barrier function, and the immune system which result in systemic benefits to the host, including bone health. Probiotics benefit bone growth, density, and structure under conditions of dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, and inflammation (recognized mediators of bone loss and osteoporosis). It is likely that multiple mechanisms are involved in mediating probiotic signals from the gut to the bone. Studies indicate a role for the microbiota (composition and activity), intestinal barrier function, and immune cells in the signaling process. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, but rather, may synergize to provide benefits to the skeletal system of the host and serve as a starting point for investigation. Given that probiotics hold great promise for supporting bone health and are generally regarded as safe, future studies identifying mechanisms are warranted.

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Section: History Of Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Probiotic Regulation of Bone and Mineral Metabolism

McCabe

Parameswaran

2018

Calcif Tissue Int

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“…Elie Metchnikoff (a Nobel laureate), as well as Theodor Escherich, studied microbial communities in feces and described the need for a complex intestine (microbe-wise) [33]. Metchnikoff was a Kharkov/Ukrainian scientist working at the Pasteur Institute [19, 20].…”

Section: ) Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1905, he isolated the bacteria, Bacillus bifidus , and linked its presence in children to those who were breast-fed [33]. He suggested these bacteria could be administered to patients with diarrhea to help restore their healthy flora (eubiosis) and used it to recolonize the gut of children (14,19–21,27,28,33). As the health benefits of milk-associated bacteria became better known, fermented dairy products were appearing around the world.…”

Section: ) Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics in Gut-Bone Signaling

Schepper

Irwin

Kang

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The intestinal environment is linked to an array of conditions and diseases, including osteoporosis. Human and animal studies indicate that probiotics can benefit intestinal health and may provide a useful therapeutic to prevent and/or treat bone loss. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts will confer a health benefit on the host. In this review, we will focus on 1) probiotics (definition, history, nomenclature, types), 2) the effects of probiotics on bone health and 3) mechanisms of probiotic prevention of bone pathologies.

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“…The consumption of fermented food, especially fermented milks, has a long tradition in several regions worldwide. Since the days of Metchnikoff, the idea that the bacteria that are responsible for fermentation are healthy has prevailed (Ozen and Dinleyici ; Calatayud and Suarez ). These bacteria have later been called probiotics (FAO/WHO ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic survival during a multi‐layered tablet development as tested in a dynamic, computer‐controlledin vitromodel of the stomach and small intestine (TIM‐1)

Venema

Verhoeven

Verbruggen

et al. 2019

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The aim of the research was to develop a galenical formulation for the combination of the three probiotic strains Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3 and Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5 that would lead to the presence of a high amount of viable cells in the small intestine, the presumed site of action of these strains. This was tested in a validated, dynamic in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM‐1), simulating human adults after intake of a meal. Experiments were performed both in the gastric compartment of the model, as well as in the complete system (stomach + small intestine). Survival of the strains in an unformulated probiotic powder after transit through the gastric compartment was 5·3% for the bifidobacteria and 1% for L. gasseri. After transit through the complete gastrointestinal tract, this dropped to 2% for bifidobacteria and 0·1% for Lactobacillus. After several rounds of optimization, an enteric‐coated tablet was developed that increased the delivery of viable cells reaching the small intestine to 72% (gastric survival) for bifidobacteria, and 53% (gastric) for L. gasseri. Also survival in the small intestine increased by about an order of magnitude. The final galenical formulation was tested in two applications: adults and elderly, both of which have their own physiological parameters. These experiments corroborated the results obtained in the development phase of the project. In conclusion, the developed enteric coating led to a 20‐ to 40‐fold increase in the delivery of viable cells to the small intestine.Significance and Impact of the StudyPredictive GI in vitro models are very helpful and reliable tools for the development of new galenical formula containing probiotics, and in the current example helped to deliver >10‐fold higher numbers of viable cells to the small intestine, presumably leading to improved functionality of the strains.

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A new contribution to the history of probiotics

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Advances in Probiotic Regulation of Bone and Mineral Metabolism

Advances in Probiotic Regulation of Bone and Mineral Metabolism

Probiotics in Gut-Bone Signaling

Probiotic survival during a multi‐layered tablet development as tested in a dynamic, computer‐controlledin vitromodel of the stomach and small intestine (TIM‐1)

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