A new continuous-flow process for catalytic conversion of glycerol to oxygenated fuel additive: Catalyst screening

Atmospheric Pressure Continuous Production of Solketal from the Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of Glycerol with Acetone

“…In recent years, some studies of continuous reactive distillation, 29 as well as continuous flow production of solketal, from the reaction of glycerol and acetone, using homogeneous 30 and heterogeneous catalysts [31][32][33] appeared in the literature. Most of the heterogeneous catalysts used in the flow production of solketal were sulfonic acid resins, but the studies were carried out at high pressures to increase the solubility of glycerol in acetone.…”

Synthesis of solketalacetin as a green fuel additive via ketalization of monoacetin with acetone using silica benzyl sulfonic acid as catalyst

“…As shown in Table 1, the SBSA led to the highest solketalacetin yield which could be ascribed to the high acidity strength of SBSA. It has been reported that the rate of the ketalization reaction is correlated with the acidity of the catalyst used (Kumar et al, 2001;Nanda et al, 2014). The acidity of Amberlyst 36, Purolite PD 206, and SBSA catalyst was 5.6, 4.9, and 5.8 mmol.g -1 , respectively.…”

Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone over Amberlyst-46 to Produce an Oxygenated Fuel Additive

“…Comparatively lower solketal yields obtained at 20 °C and 35 °C, and a significant increase was observed at 60 °C of temperature. According to the study of Nanda et al [25][26], thermodynamically higher reaction temperature results lower equilibrium yield since reaction is exothermic. Kinetically, the reaction rate increases with temperature while lower reaction temperature requires longer reaction time to reach equilibrium yield.…”