A New Contact Killing Toxin Permeabilizes Cells and Belongs to a Broadly Distributed Protein Family

Crisan, Cristian; Chandrashekar, Harshini; Everly, Catherine; Steinbach, Gabi; Hill, Shannon E.; Yunker, Peter; Lieberman, Raquel R; Hammer, Brian K.

doi:10.1128/msphere.00318-21

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…These T6SS clusters are carried on mobile genetic elements that can readily excise from and insert into their host genomes ( Labbate et al, 2016 ; Santoriello et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, the effector genes in these clusters are tightly conserved across strains ( Santoriello et al, 2020 ; Crisan et al, 2021 ). The amino acid sequences of the Aux3 and Aux4 effectors (TseH and TpeV) (Table S3) were searched by BLASTp across all Vibrio species in the NCBI non-redundant protein database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PandemicVibrio choleraeacquired competitive traits from an environmentalVibriospecies

et al. 2022

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Vibrio choleraeis a human pathogen that thrives in estuarine environments. Within the environment and human host,V. choleraeuses the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to inject toxic effectors into neighboring microbes and to establish its replicative niche.V. choleraestrains encode a wide variety of horizontally shared effectors, but pandemic isolates encode an identical set of distinct effectors. Effector set retention in pandemic strains despite mobility between disparate strains suggests that horizontal acquisition of these effectors was crucial for evolving pandemicV. cholerae. We attempted to locate the donor of the pandemic effectors toV. cholerae. To this end, we identified potential gene transfer events of the pandemic-associated T6SS clusters between a fish pathogen,Vibrio anguillarum, andV. cholerae. We supported the likelihood of interaction between these species by demonstrating that homologous effector-immunity pairs fromV. choleraeandV. anguillarumcan cross-neutralize one another. Thus,V. anguillarumconstitutes an environmental reservoir of pandemic-associatedV. choleraeT6SS effectors that may have initially facilitated competition between pre-pandemicV. choleraeandV. anguillarumfor an environmental niche.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PandemicVibrio choleraeacquired competitive traits from an environmentalVibriospecies

et al. 2022

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“…Rhs (rearrangement hotspot) toxins are large, polymorphic proteins that may associate with the T6SS ( 43 , 44 ). Antibacterial effectors exert their toxicity on the cell envelope (where they can damage the peptidoglycan layer, degrade lipid membranes, or form pores) and the cytoplasm (where they can alter nucleotides or interfere with protein synthesis) of competitor bacteria ( 45 – 51 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The type VI secretion system of the emerging pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex has antibacterial properties

Crisan,

Van Tyne,

Goldberg

2023

mSphere

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Antagonistic behaviors between bacterial cells can have profound effects on microbial populations and disease outcomes. Polymicrobial interactions may be mediated by contact-dependent proteins with antibacterial properties. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular weapon used by Gram-negative bacteria to translocate proteins into adjacent cells. Many pathogens deploy the T6SS to escape immune cells, eliminate commensal bacteria, and facilitate infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that primarily affects immunocompromised people and infects the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Infections with the bacterium can be deadly and are challenging to treat because many isolates are multidrug-resistant. We found that globally dispersed S. maltophilia complex clinical and environmental strains possess T6SS genes. We demonstrate that the T6SS of an S. maltophilia complex patient isolate is active and can eliminate other bacteria. We provide evidence that the T6SS contributes to the competitive fitness of S. maltophilia complex against a co-infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate, and the T6SS alters the organization of S. maltophilia and P. aeruginosa co-cultures. This study expands our knowledge of the mechanisms employed by S. maltophilia complex to secrete antibacterial proteins and compete against other bacteria. IMPORTANCE Infections with the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex can be fatal for immunocompromised patients. The mechanisms used by the bacterium to compete against other prokaryotes are not well understood. We found that the type VI secretion system (T6SS) allows S. maltophilia complex to eliminate other bacteria and contributes to the competitive fitness against a co-infecting isolate. The presence of T6SS genes in isolates across the globe highlights the importance of this apparatus as a weapon in the antibacterial arsenal of S. maltophilia complex. The T6SS may confer survival advantages to S. maltophilia complex isolates in polymicrobial communities in both environmental settings and during infections.

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“… V. cholerae obtained from humans carry a limited arsenal of effectors and a T6 believed to be tailored for in vivo success ( 11 , 14 – 19 ), while strains from nonhuman niches encode a more diverse effector repertoire ( 11 , 14 , 20 , 21 ). To date, however, adaptative evolution mechanisms of T6 regulation in V. cholerae derived from nonhuman sources have largely been overlooked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of a cis -Acting SNP That Controls Type VI Secretion in Vibrio cholerae

Kammann

Steinbach

et al. 2022

mBio

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A New Contact Killing Toxin Permeabilizes Cells and Belongs to a Broadly Distributed Protein Family

Abstract: Bacteria live in polymicrobial communities where competition for resources and space is essential for survival. Proteobacteria use the T6SS to eliminate neighboring cells and cause disease.

Cited by 5 publications

References 94 publications

PandemicVibrio choleraeacquired competitive traits from an environmentalVibriospecies

PandemicVibrio choleraeacquired competitive traits from an environmentalVibriospecies

The type VI secretion system of the emerging pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex has antibacterial properties

Evolution of a cis -Acting SNP That Controls Type VI Secretion in Vibrio cholerae

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