A new conceptional model for deriving average dermal absorption estimates from studies with multiple tested concentrations for non-dietary risk assessment of pesticides

Kluxen, Felix M.; Felkers, Edgars; McEuen, Steve; Fisher, P.; Strupp, Christian; Lorez, Christine; Domoradzki, Jeanne; Wiemann, Christiane

doi:10.1007/s00204-022-03320-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, further consideration could be given to the loading in µg/specimen and the corresponding % penetration, and further research could be conducted (EURO-POEM 1996). Interestingly, the available data show an inverse relationship between loading in µg/specimen to % penetration (not shown), which is similar to the inverse relationship we see in other areas, e.g., a higher loading dose along with a lower relative absorption in dermal absorption studies (Buist et al 2017;Kluxen et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Protection by ordinary light clothing against pesticide spray drift for bystanders and residents

Felkers

Küster

Adham³

et al. 2023

J Consum Prot Food Saf

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There are stringent EU regulatory requirements to assess pesticide exposure to bystanders and residents to direct spray drift. A “light clothing” adjustment factor (AF) of 0.82 is applied in the exposure assessment, based on simple assumptions for covered body surface and penetration through clothing. To assess the appropriateness of the AF, we collated data from 32 field studies. The mean and 25th percentile % reduction from ordinary light clothing (“reduction %”) in children and adults for all crops and standard and drift-reducing nozzles were 42.7% and 36.2%, resulting in AF of 0.573 and 0.638, respectively. Sources of variation were investigated, e.g. crop type, leaf coverage, buffer, spray pressure, and nozzle type, which indicated that reduction % could be impacted by several conditions. The reduction % is similar between crops; therefore, a single AF value covering all crops can be derived. One exception was for early-stage vineyard scenarios (the reduction % is lower (27%) than late stage (42–47%)) and could be considered individually to avoid unnecessary conservatism for the other scenarios. This evaluation demonstrates the current AF to be overly precautionary, and a more realistic, exposure scenario-relevant value could be applied for bystander/resident risk assessments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Protection by ordinary light clothing against pesticide spray drift for bystanders and residents

Felkers

Küster

Adham³

et al. 2023

J Consum Prot Food Saf

Self Cite

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“…The outcome of the study could be either evaluated according to the to the local regulatory guidance, e.g. EFSA guidance on dermal absorption ( 18 ), holistic, data driven assessments ( 22 ) or by following new approaches where the surface area exposed, and the duration of exposure are more influential than the load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal measurement of exposure to plant protection products: Actual hand exposure from hand washing vs. wearing cotton gloves

Küster

Hewitt

Hamacher³

2022

Front. Public Health

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For the authorization of plant protection products, a quantitative non-dietary exposure risk assessment relies on established dermal exposure models, measured mainly using passive dosimetry. Exposure to the hands is determined via hand washing or using cotton gloves as a surrogate for skin. This study compared both methods using operator exposure data available from the Agricultural Operator Exposure Model (AOEM) project report. These data indicate that hand exposure determined using cotton gloves resulted in markedly higher exposure values for all exposure scenarios compared to those determined by hand washes. One explanation for this is that dermal uptake of the residues reduces the amount of residue that can be recovered by hand washing. Uncertainty due to dermal uptake can be addressed by either default assumptions or by specific dermal absorption data. However, this cannot solely account for the large difference observed between the values and is mainly likely to be due to the higher capacity of the cotton gloves vs. human skin to retain residues. The results further indicate that the variability between hand wash samples and cotton glove samples differs between the exposure scenarios. Hence, the level of conservatism related to the use of cotton gloves as surrogate skin remains unknown. In conclusion, this evaluation of the AOEM data indicates that the cotton glove method results in much higher levels of measured hand exposure than the hand wash method. It cannot be excluded that dermal uptake has contributed to that result. However, the findings suggest the higher retention capacity of cotton gloves vs. human skin to be the main impact parameter. The cotton glove method does not provide the results with regards to the protection level that can be expected from the use of protective gloves. Therefore, we believe that the application of the hand wash method is a more accurate measure of exposure levels, if either specific dermal absorption data or, in its absence, default assumptions are applied as adjustment factor.

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“…Availability of targeted data sets of in vitro data with evaluated methodology for actual finite exposures will help to improve applicability of future new QSARs. 73 A recent human in vivo study with sun-screen products and parallel in vitro data applied as finite and infinite doses will help NAM predictions. 74 …”

Section: Modeling and Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches build upon historical studies in dermal toxicology

Williams

2023

Toxicology Research

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These are my personal reflections on the history of approaches to understanding dermal toxicology brought together for the Paton Prize Award. This is not a comprehensive account of all publications from in vivo studies in humans to development of in vitro and in silico approaches but highlghts important progress. I will consider what is needed now to influence approaches to understanding dermal exposure with the current development and use of NAMs (new approach methodologies).

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A new conceptional model for deriving average dermal absorption estimates from studies with multiple tested concentrations for non-dietary risk assessment of pesticides

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Protection by ordinary light clothing against pesticide spray drift for bystanders and residents

Protection by ordinary light clothing against pesticide spray drift for bystanders and residents

Dermal measurement of exposure to plant protection products: Actual hand exposure from hand washing vs. wearing cotton gloves

New approaches build upon historical studies in dermal toxicology

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