A New Commercial Scale Process for n-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride Using a Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor

Contractor, R.M.; Garnett, D. I.; Horowitz, H.S.; Bergna, Horacio E.; Patience, Gregory S.; Schwartz, J.; Sisler, Gordon

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63415-1

Cited by 86 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…Other industrial applications that share some similarities with chemical looping combustion is the Dupont process for production of maleic anhydride in a circulating fluidized bed, see Contractor et al 25 , and to some extent fluid catalytic cracking of oil, see…”

Section: Properties Of Particles Properties Of Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, A tot and A i could be expected to describe greatly accelerated mechanical attrition compared to what could be expected in an actual reactor due to the very harsh conditions in the jet cup. This can be exemplified by the expected life time of N-Vito/N-Vito-Mg particles which was estimated to 33000 h during extensive testing in a 10 kW th chemical looping combustor 25 , while A i measured with the jet cup indicates a lifetime of only 1250 h.…”

Section: Figure 8) Attrition Curve Of Used M4mz-1200(○) and Used F3-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, it is not obvious that highly porous particles with large active surface area are required for chemical looping combustion. For example, the 1016 h long and highly successful experimental campaign by Linderholm et al 25 involved particles with a remarkably low BET surface area of 0.7 m 2 /g.…”

Section: It Is Evident Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring attrition resistance of oxygen carrier particles for chemical looping combustion with a customized jet cup

et al. 2014

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A customized jet cup for measuring attrition resistance of oxygen carrier particles for chemical looping combustion has been constructed and used to evaluate 25 different material samples, all of which previously have been subject to continuous operation in chemical looping reactors at Chalmers University of Technology. The effect of continuous operation has been assessed by comparing attrition behaviour of fresh particles with that of used ones. It is concluded that the correlation between the jet cup tests and operational experience is robust, and that there is always considerable difference in attrition resistance between fresh and used particles of the same batch. Composite materials with NiO or Fe 2 O 3 as active phase and Al 2 O 3 -, NiAl 2 O 4 -or MgAl 2 O 4 -based support and materials based on the CaMnO 3-δ perovskite structure typically had high attrition resistance, which improved further following operation with fuel. Combined (Fe x Mn 1-x ) 2 O 3 oxides and all materials containing smaller or larger amounts of either CuO or ZrO 2 experienced reduced attrition resistance during operation with fuel, and usually also had low attrition resistance to begin with. Fresh particles of the commonly used oxygen carrier ilmenite had reasonably high attrition resistance, while ilmenite that had been subject to chemical looping combustion of natural gas showed higher rate of attrition. No strong correlation between the commonly used crushing strength index and attrition resistance measured with jet cup could be established, but it was clear that particles with a crushing strength above 2 N were much more likely to have high attrition resistance compared to softer particles. As compared to crushing strength, the jet cup testing were better correlated to attrition in actual operation.

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Section: Properties Of Particles Properties Of Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 8) Attrition Curve Of Used M4mz-1200(○) and Used F3-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring attrition resistance of oxygen carrier particles for chemical looping combustion with a customized jet cup

et al. 2014

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“…Moreover, safety reasons may impose a low reactant over oxygen ratio (to be out of explosion limits). This is why fluidized or moving bed reactors have been developed, as it was the case by DuPont Co in Asturias, Spain, for butane to maleic anhydride on VPO catalysts [114]. Further developments of chemical engineering and reactors remain an attractive possibility for the future, to circumvent problems in selective oxidation reactions [115].…”

Section: General Conclusion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Partial (amm)Oxidation and Oxidative Dehydrogenation Catalysis on Mixed Metal Oxides

Védrine

2016

Catalysts

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This paper presents an overview of heterogeneous partial (amm)oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbons. The review has been voluntarily restricted to metal oxide-type catalysts, as the partial oxidation field is very broad and the number of catalysts is quite high. The main factors of solid catalysts for such reactions, designated by Grasselli as the "seven pillars", and playing a determining role in catalytic properties, are considered to be, namely: isolation of active sites (known to be composed of ensembles of atoms), Me-O bond strength, crystalline structure, redox features, phase cooperation, multi-functionality and the nature of the surface oxygen species. Other important features and physical and chemical properties of solid catalysts, more or less related to the seven pillars, are also emphasized, including reaction sensitivity to metal oxide structure, epitaxial contact between an active phase and a second phase or its support, synergy effect between several phases, acid-base aspects, electron transfer ability, catalyst preparation and activation and reaction atmospheres, etc. Some examples are presented to illustrate the importance of these key factors. They include light alkanes (C 1 -C 4 ) oxidation, ethane oxidation to ethylene and acetic acid on MoVTe(Sb)Nb-O and Nb doped NiO, propene oxidation to acrolein on BiMoCoFe-O systems, propane (amm)oxidation to (acrylonitrile) acrylic acid on MoVTe(Sb)Nb-O mixed oxides, butane oxidation to maleic anhydride on VPO: (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 -based catalyst, and isobutyric acid ODH to methacrylic acid on Fe hydroxyl phosphates. It is shown that active sites are composed of ensembles of atoms whose size and chemical composition depend on the reactants to be transformed (their chemical and size features) and the reaction mechanism, often of Mars and van Krevelen type. An important aspect is the fact that surface composition and surface crystalline structure vary with reaction on stream until reaching steady state, which makes characterisation of active and selective surface sites quite difficult. The use of oxidants other than O 2 , such as H 2 O 2 , N 2 O or CO 2 , is also briefly discussed. Based on such analysis and recent discoveries and process developments, our perspective is given.

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“…Es decir, en condiciones óptimas, 100 kg de benceno producen 129 kg de anhídrido maleico y 113 kg de CO 2 , mientras que en el proceso a partir de n-butano, 100 kg de butano darán lugar sólo a la formación de anhídrido maleico (unos 170 kg de anhídrido maleico). Actualmente, este proceso a partir del alcano (n-butano) se lleva a cabo en presencia de catalizadores basados en pirofosfato de vanadilo, (VO) 2 P 2 O 7(denominados genéricamente VPO), lo que permite alcanzar rendimientos a anhídrido maleico alrededor del 60 % [7,32,104]. Estos rendimientos, aunque no sean muy superiores a los que se alcanzan a partir de butenos [106,107], se Por tanto, parece lógico pensar que, con la elección del catalizador adecuado, las tecnologías y condiciones de reacción, pueda ser posible y competitiva la sustitución de olefinas por alcanos en otros procesos de oxidación selectiva, disminuyendo además el número de subproductos (compuestos oxigenados parcialmente oxidados que deberían eliminarse al final del proceso encareciendo el mismo).…”

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Oxidación selectiva de hidrocarburos ligeros sobre catalizadores basados en óxidos metálicos mixtos

Barceló¹

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AgradecimientosHace ocho años, durante el penúltimo curso académico de mi licenciatura en Química, me dediqué a visitar todos los institutos de investigación de los que tenía conocimiento, con la intención de conseguir realizar prácticas formativas complementarias. Todas las personas con las que me entrevistaba tenían algo en común: ninguna tenía problemas con que realizara prácticas formativas en su instituto... pero a todos les faltaba algo. Fue por casualidad, un día que andaba por la UPV, se me ocurrió echar un vistazo a uno de esos carteles informativos con el plano y la descripción de todas las instalaciones. Fue entonces cuando encontré el nombre del Instituto de Tecnología Química. Ya me había hablado de él un profesor del departamento de química inorgánica, Carlos Gómez (uno de los mejores docentes que he tenido, brillante y humilde, motivado y motivador). En ese preciso momento decidí acudir para informarme. Preguntando, acabé en el despacho de gerencia. Allí estaba Amparo Mifsud, quien amablemente me recibió. De modo que hablamos acerca del ITQ y de mis inquietudes. Gracias a su mediación me dio a conocer a José Manuel López Nieto. Y a partir de ahí empezó todo lo que finalmente ha tenido como resultado la presente memoria de Tesis doctoral. Primero fueron prácticas en verano, que llevaron a más prácticas en invierno, al proyecto final de carrera, a contratos de investigación, y finalmente beca para Tesis doctoral (BES-2004-4765):Financiada por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia con cargo al proyecto PPQ2003-03946Quiero agradecer a Amparo Mifsud su voto de confianza con aquel chaval ingenuo e ilusionado que hace ocho años entro en su despacho por primera vez. Gracias también, porque desde entonces siempre lo ha tenido abierto para lo bueno y para lo malo (como dice ella).Agradecer al Prof. José Manuel López Nieto, la oportunidad que me ha brindado al depositar su confianza en mi para realizar esta tesis. Desde la primera entrevista me contagió todo su entusiasmo por este trabajo, la investigación, y desde entonces no le he visto perder ni un ápice de esa ilusión.Gracias por su tiempo, sus consejos, sus ideas. Gracias por su motivación y por todo el interés que ha puesto en mi formación en el campo de la investigación química.También quiero dar las gracias especialmente al director del Instituto, el Prof. Avelino Corma, siempre disponible con una sonrisa, a pesar de sus innumerables obligaciones, para cualquier cosa que he podido necesitar. Por sus sinceros y sabios consejos, y en especial por su apoyo profesional.Agradecer a todas las personas que con su trabajo han colaborado en la consecución de esta tesis:Benjamín Solsona (mi modesto compañero y amigo), Pablo Botella (maestro en el arte de la síntesis), Patricia Concepción, Enrique Rodríguez, Ana Dejoz, M. Isabel Vázquez, José Luís Jordá. A todo el personal de caracterización: Chusa, Fanny, Rosa, Maribel, Amparo, Alejandro, Adelina.Al personal de administración: Inma, Mónica (mi ángel de la guarda personal), Mª Amparo, Inma, Agustín, etc.Al perso...

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A New Commercial Scale Process for n-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride Using a Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor

Cited by 86 publications

References 6 publications

Measuring attrition resistance of oxygen carrier particles for chemical looping combustion with a customized jet cup

Measuring attrition resistance of oxygen carrier particles for chemical looping combustion with a customized jet cup

Heterogeneous Partial (amm)Oxidation and Oxidative Dehydrogenation Catalysis on Mixed Metal Oxides

Oxidación selectiva de hidrocarburos ligeros sobre catalizadores basados en óxidos metálicos mixtos

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