“…Moreover, metasurfaces are much easier to fabricate due to their planar nature. To fully take advantage of metasurfaces, various applications have been studied, such as metaholograms [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], metalenses [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], absorbers [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], structural colors [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], beam splitters [ 37 , 38 , 39 ], optical diodes [ 40 , 41 ], LiDAR applications [ 42 , 43 ], wide bandwith antennas [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], on-chip antennas [ 51 , 52 , 53 ], and MIMO and SAR antennas [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. In particular, due to their ability to enhance chiral signals by field localization, chiral material sensing based on metasurfaces has sparked significant attention in recent years.…”