“…Among the vanadium-based oxides, V 2 O 5 has been studied extensively − and the formed bronze tunneled structure is not only more stable compared to the layered structures, but also provide fast ion reaction kinetics. It has been reported that depending upon the Li + /Na + intercalation amount, V 2 O 5 can yield high discharge capacity, i.e., 442 mAh g –1 for 3 Li + per formula. , Furthermore, Li x V 2 O 5 (Li-bronze) has been explored − for Li-ion batteries, but it suffers significant capacity loss during repetitive charging/discharging for an intercalated amount of x > 1 . Analogous to Li x V 2 O 5 in Li ion, Na x V 2 O 5 (Na bronze) was also proposed for Na-ion battery, where the Na cations can be reversibly cycled along the b axis in a similar manner to the Li counterpart.…”