A new catalyst for an old process driven by environmental issues

Abrams, Lloyd; Cicha, Walter V.; Manzer, L. E.; Subramoney, Shekhar

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80999-4

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…202 The reaction is selectively catalyzed by pristine high surface area activated carbon materials, with the only byproduct of carbon tetrachloride within 1000 ppm levels. [202][203][204] It seems that the utilization of carbon materials promotes the adsorption of both reactants on the catalyst surface and thus enhances the performance. This is supported by the early kinetic studies on phosgene formation over commercial catalysts, which indicated that the reaction can be described by a L-H model.…”

Section: Phosgene Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen-Mediated Conversion of Hydrocarbons to Commodities

2017

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Halogen chemistry plays a central role in the industrial manufacture of various important chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. It involves the reaction of halogens or halides with hydrocarbons, leading to intermediate compounds which are readily converted to valuable commodities. These transformations, predominantly mediated by heterogeneous catalysts, have long been successfully applied in the production of polymers. Recent discoveries of abundant conventional and unconventional natural gas reserves have revitalized strong interest in these processes as the most cost-effective gas-to-liquid technologies. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the fundamental understanding and applied relevance of halogen chemistry in polymer industries (polyvinyl chloride, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates) and in the activation of light hydrocarbons. The reactions of particular interest include halogenation and oxyhalogenation of alkanes and alkenes, dehydrogenation of alkanes, conversion of alkyl halides, and oxidation of hydrogen halides, with emphasis on the catalyst, reactor, and process design. Perspectives on the challenges and directions for future development in this exciting field are provided.

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Section: Phosgene Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen-Mediated Conversion of Hydrocarbons to Commodities

2017

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“…More recently Abrams and co-workers have described the use of a synthetic carbon material which is claimed to produce lower levels of carbon tetrachloride compared to many conventional commercially available phosgene catalysts. 7 This catalyst is commercially available via DuPont. Manufacture of phosgene using a microfabricated packed bed reactor has also been demonstrated by Ajmera et al 8 The selection of appropriate catalysts for use in a commercial process is non-trivial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of carbon catalysts for the industrial manufacture of phosgene

Mitchell

Borden²,

Velde³

et al. 2012

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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An approach to the evaluation of carbon catalysts suitable for the industrial manufacture of phosgene is described. Relative reactivity and the oxidative stability of catalysts have been measured in laboratory microreactors. Comparison of the performance of full size catalyst pellets versus that of crushed catalyst allowed catalyst effectiveness factors and therefore effective gas diffusivities to be estimated. These data have been combined with a 2-dimensional model incorporating a description of heat and mass transfer to predict catalyst performance in industrial scale phosgene reactors.

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“…Although this process has been known for more than 130 years, in 2000, DuPont published unexpected and exceptionally interesting information on the use of the mesoporous graphite-like material Sibunit as the catalyst. 575 As compared with the conventional coking coal, which is highly structurally disordered, all other factors being the same, the use of Sibunit resulted in a much lower amount of CCl 4 by-product (only 50 ppm) and a 10 times longer service life. Even after two years of operation in an industrial reactor (80 8C, 4.83 bar), the performance of this catalyst remained at an acceptable level.…”

Section: Scheme 137mentioning

confidence: 99%