A New Bit Repair Fast Reroute Mechanism for Smart Sensors IoT Network Infrastructure

Abstract

Today’s IP networks are experiencing a high increase in used and connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices and related deployed critical services. This puts increased demands on the reliability of underlayer transport networks. Therefore, modern networks must meet specific qualitative and quantitative parameters to satisfy customer service demands in line with the most common requirements of network fault tolerance and minimal packet loss. After a router or link failure within the transport network, the network convergence process begins. This process can take an unpredictable amount of time, usually depending on the size, the design of the network and the routing protocol used. Several solutions have been developed to address these issues, where one of which is the group of so-called Fast ReRoute (FRR) mechanisms. A general feature of these mechanisms is the fact that the resilience to network connectivity failures is addressed by calculating a pre-prepared alternative path. The path serves as a backup in the event of a network failure. This paper presents a new Bit Repair (B-REP) FRR mechanism that uses a special BIER header field (Bit-String) to explicitly indicate an alternative path used to route the packet. B-REP calculates an alternative path in advance as a majority of existing FRR solutions. The advantage of B-REP is the ability to define an alternative hop-by-hop path with full repair coverage throughout the network, where, unlike other solutions, we propose the use of a standardized solution for this purpose. The area of the B-REP application is communication networks working on the principle of packet switching, which use some link-state routing protocol. Therefore, B-REP can be successfully used in the IoT solutions especially in the field of ensuring communication from sensors in order to guarantee a minimum packet loss during data transmission.

The New Label Bit Repair Fast Reroute Mechanism

“…We have been researching FRR since 2015, when our first Multicast Repair (M-REP) mechanism was developed [53]. In other works, efforts were devoted to its extension [54] and simulations of other advanced mechanisms for fast network recovery [13], [55 This means that if a path exists, the algorithm will find it and use it. The advantage is also the possibility to manually set your own backup path by the network administrator [55].…”

Enhanced Bit Repair IP Fast Reroute Mechanism for Rapid Network Recovery

“…In this paper, we present an FRR mechanism called the Enhanced Bit Repair (EB-REP) FRR mechanism (hereinafter EB-REP), which provides advanced reroute protection. EB-REP is an advanced version of the legacy Bit Repair (B-REP) [39] mechanism that removes its disadvantages and offers functions that enable IP FRR network protection even in situations with multiple outages, and besides, if necessary, for all flows within the protected domain. EB-REP can be compared to other well-known existing solutions, such as Loop-Free Alternates (LFA) or Remote Loop-Free Alternates (R-LFA).…”

“…This paper deals with the design of new extensions overcoming the limitations of the original B-REP algorithm [39]. However, before we address them, we will describe key features of the original B-REP algorithm.…”

Proposal for a Localization System for an IoT Ecosystem

“…Most of these solutions rely on a vast amount of data that are collected by sensors and devices connected to the Internet, which is sometimes referred to as the Internet of everything (IoE) or the Internet of things (IoT) [3]. The connection of a large number of sensors and devices can be realized using heterogeneous wireless technologies since IoT devices may have different requirements on bandwidth and energy consumption [4,5].…”