A new biodegradable polyester elastomer for cartilage tissue engineering

Kang, Yong‐Kook; Yang, Jian; Khan, Sadiya S.; Anissian, Lucas; Ameer, Guillermo A.

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30607

Cited by 127 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Biodegradable polymers such as poly(L-lactide-cocaprolactone) (PLCL, 5:5) (Jung et al, 2008), poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) (Wang et al, 2008), and poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) (POC) (Kang et al, 2006) have been utilized as scaffold materials for cartilage tissue engineering. One point in common of these materials was their complete rubber-like elasticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and properties of nano-fibrous PCL-b-PLLA scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Liu²,

Guan³

et al. 2009

eCM

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Nano-fibrous scaffolds which could potentially mimic the architecture of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been considered a good candidate matrix for cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. In the present study, a semicrystalline diblock copolymer, poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(L-lactide) (PCL-b-PLLA), was synthesized and utilized to fabricate nano-fibrous scaffolds via a thermally induced phase separation process. Uniform nano-fibrous networks were created by quenching a PCL-b-PLLA/THF homogenous solution to -20ºC or below, followed by further gelation for 2 hours due to the presence of PLLA and PCL microcrystals. However, knot-like structures as well as continuously smooth pellicles appeared among the nanofibrous network with increasing gelation temperature. DSC analysis indicated that the crystallization of PCL segments was interrupted by rigid PLLA segments, resulting in an amorphous phase at high gelation temperatures. Combining TIPS (thermally induced phase separation) with saltleaching methods, nano-fibrous architecture and interconnected pore structures (144±36 μm in diameter) with a high porosity were created for in vitro culture of chondrocytes. Specific surface area and protein adsorption on the surface of the nano-fibrous scaffold were three times higher than on the surface of the solid-walled scaffold. Chondrocytes cultured on the nano-fibrous scaffold exhibited a spherical condrocyte-like phenotype and secreted more cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM) than those cultured on the solid-walled scaffold. Moreover, the protein and DNA contents of cells cultured on the nanofibrous scaffold were 1.2-1.4 times higher than those on the solid-walled scaffold. Higher expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan mRNA were induced on the nanofibrous scaffold compared to on the solid-walled scaffold. These findings demonstrated that scaffolds with a nanofibrous architecture could serve as superior scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and properties of nano-fibrous PCL-b-PLLA scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Liu²,

Guan³

et al. 2009

eCM

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“…The resonant frequency of the sensor was set to 50 Hz, while the maximum depth of indentation was 1 mm. Young's modulus can be calculated by the indentation force and the decrease in the resonant frequency, based on the principles previously reported [14,15]. It was measured 5 times, and the mean and standard deviation were calculated.…”

Section: Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Agarose Mold as a Storage Container for Three-Dimensional Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

Mori¹,

Kanazawa²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2013

MSA

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The efficiency of substance exchange may be decreased when the thickness and volume of such a tissue-engineered cartilage that is composed of cultured cells and porous scaffold increase. Moreover, during the transport of this construct with complicated shapes, excessive and focal mechanical loading may cause deformation. The establishment of incubation and transport methods is necessary for the three-dimensional tissue-engineered cartilage. Therefore, we investigated the preparation of an agarose mold with a concavity similar to the shape of 3-dimensional tissue-engineered cartilage to prevent excessive and focal concentration of stress, while avoiding interference with substance exchange as much as possible. Firstly, we investigated the preparation at 1% -4% agarose concentrations. Since the mechanical strength was insufficient at 1%, 2% was regarded as appropriate. Using 2% agarose, we prepared a mold with a 5 × 5 × 5 mm concavity to accommodate tissue-engineered cartilage (5 × 5 × 5 mm mixture of 1.5 × 10 7 cells and collagen gel), and stored the regenerative cartilage in it for 2 and 24 hours. On comparison with storage in a plastic mold with the same shape in which substance exchanged from side and bottom was impossible, although no significant differences were noted in the number or viability of cells after 2 hours, these were markedly reduced in the plastic mold after 24 hours. It was confirmed that favorable cell numbers and viability were maintained by immediately retaining the regenerative cartilage in the culture medium in the agarose mold and keeping the temperature at 37˚C. Since this agarose mold also buffers against mechanical forces loaded on the three-dimensional regenerative tissue, it may be useful as a container for storage and transport of large-sized three-dimensional regenerative tissue.

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“…In cases of severe articular cartilage pathology, tissue replacement may become necessary. In the laboratory, it is now possible to engineer cartilage of clinically relevant dimensions and properties [Graff et al 2003;Hu and Athanasiou 2006;Kang et al 2006], and this may have profound implications for orthopedics in the near future.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the scaffold degrades, it is replaced by a natural matrix produced by the cells. Some common scaffold types include collagen [Wakitani et al 1998], poly(DL-lactic acid) and poly(glycolic acid) [Sittinger et al 1996], and more recently, poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) [Kang et al 2006], with promising results.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromechanical properties of chondrocytes and chondrons: relevance to articular cartilage tissue engineering

Ofek

Athanasiou

2007

JOMMS

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Articular cartilage is a highly mechanical tissue, performing multiple functions to ensure proper joint movement. Degradation of this tissue may be due to improper loading conditions that lead to a debilitating condition known as osteoarthritis. Furthermore, it is believed that mechanical signals transmitted from the tissue to cellular levels are necessary for the production of essential extracellular matrix components responsible for cartilage viability. Examinations of the tissue on its most rudimentary level elucidate mechanical regimens related to cartilage health and disease. A fundamental unit approach has been employed to study the biomechanical properties of single cells with discrete pericellular and extracellular matrix layers. This approach enables researchers to develop definitive relationships between mechanical stimulation and changes in gene expression corresponding to regenerative or catabolic processes. The knowledge gained from these studies sheds light on the etiology of osteoarthritis and elucidate the mechanical loading regimens useful for promoting articular cartilage health. This review article discusses the micromechanical environment of the cartilage cell, the chondrocyte, and the mechanical models and experimental techniques utilized to examine its physical characteristics. This information is then related to changes in cellular behavior and its potential toward tissue engineering of articular cartilage.

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A new biodegradable polyester elastomer for cartilage tissue engineering

Cited by 127 publications

References 44 publications

Microstructure and properties of nano-fibrous PCL-b-PLLA scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Microstructure and properties of nano-fibrous PCL-b-PLLA scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Usefulness of Agarose Mold as a Storage Container for Three-Dimensional Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

Micromechanical properties of chondrocytes and chondrons: relevance to articular cartilage tissue engineering

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