“…Marine actinomycetes, particularly marine sponge-associated actinomycetes have gained considerable attention during the last decade as a vast source of novel natural products (NPs) with variety of bioactivities, including anti-biofilm ( Balasubramanian et al, 2017 , 2018 ), anti-chlamydial ( Reimer et al, 2015 ; Cheng et al, 2016 ), antimicrobial ( El-Gendy and El-Bondkly, 2010 ; Elsayed et al, 2018 ), antioxidant ( Grkovic et al, 2014 ; Cheng et al, 2016 ), antiparasitic ( Elsayed et al, 2017 ), antitumor ( Yi-Lei et al, 2014 ; Yan et al, 2017 ), and immunomodulatory ( Tabares et al, 2011 ) activities. These diverse bioactive NPs are represented by alkaloids ( Elsayed et al, 2017 ), polyketides ( Schneemann et al, 2010 ), peptides ( Cheng et al, 2017 ), quinolone ( Cheng et al, 2016 ), and anthraquinones ( Abdelfattah et al, 2018 ).…”