A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate: reevaluating the effect of coagulation scavenging

Cai, Runlong; Jiang, Jingkun

doi:10.5194/acp-17-12659-2017

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Their occurrence frequency and, more importantly, their contribution to particle number concentrations were found to be substantial or determinant in the global troposphere (Spracklen et al, 2006;Kulmala et al, 2014). Moreover, their contribution to the number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) can be 50 % or even more (Makkonen et al, 2009;Merikanto et al, 2009;Sihto et al, 2011), which links the events to the climate system and emphasizes their global relevance Makkonen et al, 2012;Carslaw et al, 2013;. New particle formation and growth events were proved to be common in polluted air of large cities as well, with a typical relative occurrence frequency between 10 % and 30 % (Woo et al, 2001;Baltensperger et al, 2002;Alam et al, 2003;Wehner et al, 2004;Salma et al, 2011;Dall'Osto et al, 2013;Xiao et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Kulmala et al, 2017, Nieminen et al, 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic and timing properties of new aerosol particle formation and consecutive growth events

Salma¹,

Németh²

2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Dynamic properties, i.e. particle formation rate J6 and particle diameter growth rate GR10, and timing properties, i.e. starting time (t1) and duration time interval (Δt) of 247 quantifiable atmospheric new aerosol particle formation (NPF) and growth events identified in the city centre and near-city background of Budapest over 6 full measurement years, together with related gas-phase H2SO4 proxy, condensation sink (CS) of vapours, basic meteorological data and concentrations of criteria pollutant gases were derived, evaluated, discussed and interpreted. In the city centre, nucleation ordinarily starts at 09:15 UTC + 1, and it is maintained for approximately 3 h. The NPF and growth events produce 4.6 aerosol particles with a diameter of 6 nm in 1 cm3 of air in 1 s and cause the particles with a diameter of 10 nm to grow at a typical rate of 7.3 nm h−1. Nucleation starts approximately 1 h earlier in the near-city background, and it shows substantially smaller J6 (with a median of 2.0 cm−3 s−1) and GR10 values (with a median of 5.0 nm h−1), while the duration of nucleation is similar to that in the centre. Monthly distributions of the dynamic properties and daily maximum H2SO4 proxy do not follow the mean monthly pattern of the event occurrence frequency. The factors that control the event occurrence and that govern the intensity of particle formation and growth are not directly linked. New particle formation and growth processes advance in a different manner in the city and its close environment. This could likely be related to diversities in atmospheric composition, chemistry and physics. Monthly distributions and relationships among the properties mentioned provided indirect evidence that chemical species other than H2SO4 largely influence the particle growth and possibly atmospheric NPF process as well. The J6, GR10 and Δt can be described by a log-normal distribution function. Most extreme dynamic properties could not be explained by available single or compound variables. Approximately 40 % of the NPF and growth events exhibited broad beginning, which can be an urban feature. For doublets, the later onset frequently shows more intensive particle formation and growth than the first onset by a typical factor of approximately 1.5. The first event is attributed to a regional type, while the second event, superimposed on the first, is often associated with subregional, thus urban NPF and growth processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic and timing properties of new aerosol particle formation and consecutive growth events

Salma¹,

Németh²

2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Atmospheric measurements have shown that the presence of dicarboxylic acids, including succinic acid (SUA), is prevalent in ambient particles (Kawamura and Kaplan, 1987;Decesari et al, 2000;Legrand et al, 2005;Hsieh et al, 2007;Blower et al, 2013). The effect of dicarboxylic acids on aerosol nucleation involving SA or base molecules has been recognized in theoretical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between succinic acid and sulfuric acid–base clusters

Lin

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Dicarboxylic acids likely participate in the formation of pre-nucleation clusters to facilitate new particle formation in the atmosphere, but the detailed mechanism leading to the formation of multicomponent critical nuclei involving organic acids, sulfuric acid (SA), base species, and water remains unclear. In this study, theoretical calculations are performed to elucidate the interactions between succinic acid (SUA) and clusters consisting of SA-ammonia (AM)∕dimethylamine (DMA) in the presence of hydration of up to six water molecules. Formation of the hydrated SUA⚫SA⚫ base clusters is energetically favorable, triggering proton transfer from SA to the base molecule to form new covalent bonds or strengthening the preexisting covalent bonds. The presence of SUA promotes hydration of the SA⚫AM and SA⚫AM⚫DMA clusters but dehydration of the SA⚫DMA clusters. At equilibrium, SUA competes with the second SA molecule for addition to the SA⚫ base clusters at atmospherically relevant concentrations. The clusters containing both the base and organic acid are capable of further binding with acid molecules to promote subsequent growth. Our results indicate that the multicomponent nucleation involving organic acids, sulfuric acid, and base species promotes new particle formation in the atmosphere, particularly under polluted conditions with a high concentration of diverse organic acids.

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“…), natural sources (wildfires, volcanoes, deserts, etc. ), and chemical processing of gases and aerosol (Robinson et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2007;Jimenez et al, 2009;Calvo et al, 2013). However, traffic (Zhu et al, 2002;Charron and Harrison, 2003;Fruin et al, 2008;Wehner et al, 2009), cooking (Saha et al, 2019;Abernethy et al, 2013), and new particle formation (Brines et al, 2015;Hofman et al, 2016) are generally considered the only major sources of urban UFPs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Particle number concentrations and size distribution in a polluted megacity: the Delhi Aerosol Supersite study

et al. 2020

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Abstract. The Indian national capital, Delhi, routinely experiences some of the world's highest urban particulate matter concentrations. While fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations in Delhi are at least an order of magnitude higher than in many western cities, the particle number (PN) concentrations are not similarly elevated. Here we report on 1.25 years of highly time-resolved particle size distribution (PSD) data in the size range of 12–560 nm. We observed that the large number of accumulation mode particles – that constitute most of the PM2.5 mass – also contributed substantially to the PN concentrations. The ultrafine particle (UFP; Dp<100 nm) fraction of PNs was higher during the traffic rush hours and for daytimes of warmer seasons, which is consistent with traffic and nucleation events being major sources of urban UFPs. UFP concentrations were found to be relatively lower during periods with some of the highest mass concentrations. Calculations based on measured PSDs and coagulation theory suggest UFP concentrations are suppressed by a rapid coagulation sink during polluted periods when large concentrations of particles in the accumulation mode result in high surface area concentrations. A smaller accumulation mode for warmer months results in an increased UFP fraction, likely owing to a comparatively smaller coagulation sink. We also see evidence suggestive of nucleation which may also contribute to the increased UFP proportions during the warmer seasons. Even though coagulation does not affect mass concentrations, it can significantly govern PN levels with important health and policy implications. Implications of a strong accumulation mode coagulation sink for future air quality control efforts in Delhi are that a reduction in mass concentration, especially in winter, may not produce a proportional reduction in PN concentrations. Strategies that only target accumulation mode particles (which constitute much of the fine PM2.5 mass) may even lead to an increase in the UFP concentrations as the coagulation sink decreases.

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A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate: reevaluating the effect of coagulation scavenging

Cited by 59 publications

References 55 publications

Dynamic and timing properties of new aerosol particle formation and consecutive growth events

Dynamic and timing properties of new aerosol particle formation and consecutive growth events

Interaction between succinic acid and sulfuric acid–base clusters

Particle number concentrations and size distribution in a polluted megacity: the Delhi Aerosol Supersite study

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