A new ATR-IR microreactor to study electric field-driven processes

A nonlinear optical switch induced by an external electric field: inorganic alkaline–earth alkalide

“…53 Sun et al demonstrated that the b e 0 value of superatom compounds can be greatly improved by 4790 times by imposing an EEF along the direction of charge transfer. 54 Furthermore, EEF is also used to probe other properties, such as the P stacking interaction, 55 proton transfer, 56 metal-ligand bonding, chemical reactions etc. 57 On the other hand, NLO switches with a large difference in NLO properties in the presence of external stimulator triggering have attracted more and more attention in recent years, 19,20,50 because of their excellent potential applications in signal processing, data storage and optical frequency converters etc.…”

Spectroelectrochemistry, the future of visualizing electrode processes by hyphenating electrochemistry with spectroscopic techniques

“…The hyphenation of electrochemistry and microfluidics and lab-ona-chip systems is already well established. For a review regarding this subject the authors recommend to read the paper by Odijk et al 108 Although less established than electrochemistry, the combination of IR with microfluidics is also a developing field, for example: an ATR-IR device for the study of electric field-driven processes, 109 reaction monitoring 110 and the analysis of chemical reaction intermediates. 111 A recent review written on spectroscopic microreactors for heterogeneous catalysis by Rizkin et al also includes a section about IR.…”

Modular microreactor with integrated reflection element for online reaction monitoring using infrared spectroscopy

“…1,2 In a review by Jensen et al it is stated that for microreactors to be applicable to more than laboratory applications, sensors must be integrated into the systems. Now, almost 20 years later, only a limited amount of papers have been published regarding online reaction monitoring in microfluidic microreactors, most notably the work by or in association with the groups of H. Gardeniers, [3][4][5][6][7] K. Jensen 2,8 and several others. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] These techniques for direct online measurement operate using different types of sensors, such as mass-spectrometry, 14 fluorescence and UV/vis spectroscopy, 10,15,18,19,21 electrochemistry 4,16,17 and IR/NIR spectroscopy.…”

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] These techniques for direct online measurement operate using different types of sensors, such as mass-spectrometry, 14 fluorescence and UV/vis spectroscopy, 10,15,18,19,21 electrochemistry 4,16,17 and IR/NIR spectroscopy. 3,5,7,9,[11][12][13]20,22 These reported works are often geared towards a specific application and do not expand to broader fields. In our group, we have obtained ample expertise with (modularly designed) microreactor systems.…”

“…In literature, hyphenated ATR-FTIR with microfluidic reaction chambers 3,5,7,12,13 is described. Although these microfluidic devices are well designed, they might be difficult to replicate outside the research group, due to the highly specific and somewhat complex reaction chamber designs.…”