A New Artificial Leg for Ski Boot Testing

Senner, Veit; Schaff, P; Haüser, Winfried

doi:10.1520/stp17646s

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The results obtained point out that the anatomically designed prosthesis is able to perform measurements with higher reproducibility and with the possibility to apply forces in all directions, while with a standard uniaxial-hinged prosthesis this is not possible. Other studies have been conducted for the preparation of test benches and lower leg prosthesis in order to define a test method and an apparatus for the measure of hysteresis flex curves [42][43][44]. However, Bonjour et al [45] report that several problems still need to be solved for the development of a standardized test method for the measure of ski-boot stiffness.…”

Section: Position Of the Force Or Moment Mean Acting Loads During Tur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials, Designs and Standards Used in Ski-Boots for Alpine Skiing

Colonna

Nicotra

Moncalero

2013

Sports

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This review article reports the recent advances in the study, design and production of ski-boots for alpine skiing. An overview of the different designs and the materials used in ski-boot construction is provided giving particular emphasis to the effect of these parameters on the final performances and on the prevention of injuries. The use of specific materials for ski-boots dedicated to different disciplines (race skiing, mogul skiing, ski-mountaineering etc.) has been correlated with the chemical and physical properties of the polymeric materials employed. A review of the scientific literature and the most interesting patents is also presented, correlating the results reported with the performances and industrial production of ski-boots. Suggestions for new studies and the use of advanced materials are also provided. A final section dedicated to the standards involved in ski-boot design completes this review article.

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Section: Position Of the Force Or Moment Mean Acting Loads During Tur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials, Designs and Standards Used in Ski-Boots for Alpine Skiing

Colonna

Nicotra

Moncalero

2013

Sports

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“…Raschner et al (2007) and Spitzenpfeil and colleagues (Spitzenpfeil, Huber, & Waibel, 2009) analysed the techniques of junior and elite athletes with the Paromed system. Ski boot tests were conducted by Schaff and colleagues (Schaff, Schattner, Kulot, & Hauser, 1989; Senner, Schaff, & Hauser, 1991) using Novel insoles to improve the comfort of boots, with the goal of reducing the risk of injury in alpine skiing. Today, boot manufacturers and sports shops use pressure insoles to fit boots according to the customer's requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of forces in alpine skiing and snowboarding: Validation of a mobile data acquisition system

Stricker

Scheiber

Lindenhofer

et al. 2009

European Journal of Sport Science

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The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the influence of temperature on the accuracy of a single 3D-dynamometer, (2) to establish the accuracy of a force measurement system that utilizes 3D-dynamometers, and (3) to compare forces measured by pressure insoles and by 3D-dynamometers. Temperature dependence was assessed on a single dynamometer at three different temperatures (238C, 08C, (108C) in a cooling chamber. The relative measurement error was determined in the laboratory with the system mounted on alpine skis and on a snowboard. The forces measured by pressure insoles and by 3Ddynamometers were compared in tests on snow. One skier was used in this part of the study. The average measurement error of a single dynamometer increased from 0.2% to 0.9% when the temperature changed from '238C to (108C. At low forces (B292 N), the average measurement error was 4.6% and 3.3% for the ski and snowboard system, respectively. At higher forces (292 N), the average measurement error decreased to 0.3% and 0.4% for the ski and snowboard system, respectively. The average measurement error for 3D torques ranged from 4.0 to 8.3% for the ski, and from 2.4 to 8.5% for the snowboard system. The deviation of the calculated point of force application from its reference was 1.4 mm (mediolateral) and 8.8 mm (antero-posterior) for the ski, and 2.7 mm and 10.4 mm for the snowboard system. In general, forces determined by insoles were on average 21% (outer ski) and 54% (inner ski) lower than forces measured by 3Ddynamometers. The similarity in forceÁtime characteristics of the insoles compared with the 3D-dynamometer was high. In conclusion, the temperature had little impact on the measurement accuracy of 3D-dynamometers. The measurement error of 3D-dynamometers decreased with an increase in forces. The accuracy of 3D-dynamometers was similar to that shown in previous studies of measuring systems used in laboratory tests. The 3D-dynamometers increased the standing height by 36 mm and are heavier than insoles, but they provide 3D force and torque data. In skiing and snowboarding, insole measurements are not accurate enough for most biomechanical analyses (e.g. for inverse dynamic calculations). Applications where insole measurements might still be useful could be descriptive analyses of a skiing or snowboarding technique.

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A New Artificial Leg for Ski Boot Testing

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Materials, Designs and Standards Used in Ski-Boots for Alpine Skiing

Materials, Designs and Standards Used in Ski-Boots for Alpine Skiing

Determination of forces in alpine skiing and snowboarding: Validation of a mobile data acquisition system

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