A new area of ​​application and research in bio-processes: Biotechnologies in civil construction

Abstract

Construction Biotechnology is a new scientific and engineering discipline that has been developing exponentially during the last decade. The main directions of this discipline are 1- the selection of adequate microorganisms, 2- development of micro-processed construction bioprocesses as well as 3- the development of new biotechnologies to produce construction biomaterials. Products resulting in construction biotechnologies are low-cost, sustainable, and environmentally friendly microbial biocements for the improvement of the construction terrain. The bioagents used in construction biotechnologies are pure or enrichment cultures of native microorganisms or microorganisms isolated and activated from the soil. Biotechnologically produced construction materials and microbial mediated construction technologies have many advantages compared to conventional construction materials and processes. The current technological landscape offers an objective vision and perspective of how microbes are used in the construction industry as additives for cement and concrete so that these new technologies be used in different provinces of Ecuador. In that sense, the current situation of cement and concrete production in Ecuador is briefly described to have an overview of the applicability of the new methods based on biogenic materials and the environmental advantages of the creation of construction biomaterials over conventional production.

Self-Healing Construction Materials: The Geomimetic Approach

“…These complex It was established that rocks, regardless of genesis (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary), have a banded texture, the layers of which are represented by minerals with significantly different deformation characteristics and coefficients of thermal expansion. These are not only short-lived, but they also have an anisotropy coefficient of 7-9 or more, unlike prototypes with an anisotropy coefficient of 2-3 [49]. An increase in the tensile strength of the masonry with the proposed compositions by 3-5 times is elucidated by the microstructure of the region of contact, for instance, ceramic bricks and mortar [50] (Figure 4).…”