A New Arabidopsis Gene,<i>FLK</i>, Encodes an RNA Binding Protein with K Homology Motifs and Regulates Flowering Time via<i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> [W]

Lim, Moo-Sup; Kim, Joonki; Kim, Youn-Sung; Chung, Kyung‐Sook; Seo, Yeon-Hee; Lee, Ilha; Kim, Jungmook; Hong, Choo Bong; Kim, Hie-Joon; Park, Chung‐Mo

doi:10.1105/tpc.019331

Cited by 219 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…A phenomenon consistent with that of autonomous pathway mutants such as flk and fca, which respond to GA (Lim et al 2004;Mouradov et al 2002), was observed. With GA treatment, the flowering-time of sdr6 plants became earlier than that of untreated plants, at a rosette leaf of 11.8 (LD) and 15 (SD) (Figures 3a and 3b), although it is later than the wild-type.…”

Section: Sdr6 Is Responsive To Ga Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 54%

SDR6 is involved in regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

Xing

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2014

Plant Biotechnology

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Identification of flowering-time related genes in Arabidopsis thaliana has very important and meaningful to understand the regulation mechanism of the flowering-time. One late flowering mutant plant which displays a delayed transition to flowering was obtained from the Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant library. SDR6, which encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase containing a NAD(P)-binding domain in Arabidopsis, has been identified as a novel flowering-time gene in Arabidopsis by further analyzing of SDR6 complementing plants. The sdr6 plants displayed later flowering than wild-type plants both in long and short days, but flowered later in short day than in long day. The flowering-time of SDR6 complementing plants is similar to that of wild-type plants. The late-flowering phenotype of sdr6 plants was reversed by gibberellin and vernalization treatments, which is similar to those of several mutants in the autonomous pathway. Compared with the wild-type, expression levels of FLC, LD, FVE, and SOC1 genes, key components of the autonomous pathway, were significantly altered in sdr6 mutants. However, expression levels of the key genes in the photoperiod, gibberellin, and vernalization pathways were not obviously different. Therefore, this gene may be involved in the autonomous flowering pathway to regulate the Arabidopsis flowering.

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Section: Sdr6 Is Responsive To Ga Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 54%

SDR6 is involved in regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

Xing

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2014

Plant Biotechnology

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“…The circadian clock component At-GRP7, which autoregulates its own expression via AS, has been described as a novel factor of the autonomous pathway and controls flowering time by repressing the floral repressor FLC (Michaels and Amasino, 1999;Sheldon et al, 1999;Lee et al, 2000). Similarly, FLK also acts as a floral activator by repressing FLC (Lim et al, 2004;Mockler et al, 2004), and recent characterization of the Arg dimethyltransferase atprmt5 mutant showed that FLK levels, and consequently FLC expression, depend on AS of the FLK pre-mRNA. While elevated levels of retention of the first intron within FLK were found to correlate with FLC induction (Deng et al, 2010), the opposite direction of change was found in the PTB1/2 misexpression lines, suggesting a more complex regulatory relation between FLK and FLC.…”

Section: At-ptb Misexpression Reveals Intricate Links Between As and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneous knockdown of PTB1 and PTB2 triggered inclusion of an intron within the 59 UTR of the FLK mRNA, while overexpression of PTB1 had the opposite effect ( Figures 8A and 8B). FLK positively regulates flowering by repressing the expression of the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC; Lim et al, 2004;Mockler et al, 2004), and a link between FLK pre-mRNA splicing and the expression of FLC has been reported previously (Deng et al, 2010). Specifically, an increase of the FLK intron retention variant reduced the level of functional FLK protein (Deng et al, 2010), thus resulting in elevated levels of FLC expression.…”

Section: At-ptbs Control As and Expression Of Fundamental Flowering Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Homologs from Arabidopsis Are Key Regulators of Alternative Splicing with Implications in Fundamental Developmental Processes

et al. 2012

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Alternative splicing (AS) generates transcript variants by variable exon/intron definition and massively expands transcriptome diversity. Changes in AS patterns have been found to be linked to manifold biological processes, yet fundamental aspects, such as the regulation of AS and its functional implications, largely remain to be addressed. In this work, widespread AS regulation by Arabidopsis thaliana Polypyrimidine tract binding protein homologs (PTBs) was revealed. In total, 452 AS events derived from 307 distinct genes were found to be responsive to the levels of the splicing factors PTB1 and PTB2, which predominantly triggered splicing of regulated introns, inclusion of cassette exons, and usage of upstream 59 splice sites. By contrast, no major AS regulatory function of the distantly related PTB3 was found. Dependent on their position within the mRNA, PTB-regulated events can both modify the untranslated regions and give rise to alternative protein products. We find that PTB-mediated AS events are connected to diverse biological processes, and the functional implications of selected instances were further elucidated. Specifically, PTB misexpression changes AS of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR6, coinciding with altered rates of abscisic acid-dependent seed germination. Furthermore, AS patterns as well as the expression of key flowering regulators were massively changed in a PTB1/2 level-dependent manner.

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“…Autonomous pathway also represses FLC through LD, FCA, FY, FPA, FLD, FVE, FLK and REF6 (Noh et al, 2004;Simpson, 2004). FCA, FY, FPA and FLK proteins are predicted to be involved in RNA metabolism (Lim et al, 2004;Macknight et al, 1997;Schomburg et al, 2001;Simpson et al, 2003). FCA and FPA are RNA-binding proteins involved in repression of FLC and other genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY (NFL) is a bHLH transcription factor that promotes flowering specifically under short-day in Arabidopsis

et al. 2016

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Flowering in plants is a dynamic and synchronized process where various cues including age, day length, temperature and endogenous hormones fine-tune the timing of flowering for reproductive success. Arabidopsis thaliana is a facultative long day (LD) plant where LD photoperiod promotes flowering. Arabidopsis still flowers under shortday (SD) conditions, albeit much later than in LD conditions. Although factors regulating the inductive LD pathway have been extensively investigated, the non-inductive SD pathway is much less understood. Here, we identified a key basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor called NFL (NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY) that is essential to induce flowering specifically under SD conditions in Arabidopsis. nfl mutants do not flower under SD conditions, but flower similar to the wild type under LD conditions. The no-flowering phenotype in SD is rescued either by exogenous application of gibberellin (GA) or by introducing della quadruple mutants in the nfl background, suggesting that NFL acts upstream of GA to promote flowering. NFL is expressed at the meristematic regions and NFL is localized to the nucleus. Quantitative RT-PCR assays using apical tissues showed that GA biosynthetic genes are downregulated and the GA catabolic and receptor genes are upregulated in the nfl mutant compared with the wild type, consistent with the perturbation of the endogenous GA biosynthetic and catabolic intermediates in the mutant. Taken together, these data suggest that NFL is a key transcription factor necessary for promotion of flowering under non-inductive SD conditions through the GA signaling pathway.

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A New Arabidopsis Gene,FLK, Encodes an RNA Binding Protein with K Homology Motifs and Regulates Flowering Time viaFLOWERING LOCUS C [W]

Cited by 219 publications

References 49 publications

SDR6 is involved in regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

SDR6 is involved in regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Homologs from Arabidopsis Are Key Regulators of Alternative Splicing with Implications in Fundamental Developmental Processes

NO FLOWERING IN SHORT DAY (NFL) is a bHLH transcription factor that promotes flowering specifically under short-day in Arabidopsis

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