A new approach using the Pierce two-node model for different body parts

Abstract

This paper presents a new approach, in applying the Pierce two-node model, to predict local skin temperatures of individual body parts with good accuracy. In this study, local skin temperature measurements at 24 sites on the bodies of 11 human subjects were carried out in a controlled environment under three different indoor conditions (i.e. neutral, warm and cold). The neutral condition measurements were used to adjust the local skin set-points in the model for each body part. Additional modifications to the calculation algorithm were introduced corresponding to different body parts. The local core set-points were then calculated, using a line search method, as the input values that allow the model to predict the skin temperatures with maximum deviation of ±0.1°C for the neutral condition. The model predictability was verified for the other two indoor conditions, and the results show that the modified model predicts local skin temperatures with average deviation of ±0.3°C.

A review of human thermal comfort in the built environment

“…A new simplified three-node model for non-uniform thermal sensation (bare and clothed parts of the human body) was developed based on Gagge's model [403]. A new approach (multi-segmental -MS-Pierce model) to predicting the local skin temperatures of individual body parts was proposed based on the Pierce two-node model [404], which later was used as the thermoregulatory control mode for thermal manikins [405]. A new predictive thermal response index was proposed for use in steady-state and transient conditions based on the 1991 Ring and de Dear model [406].…”

Local thermal sensation modeling-a review on the necessity and availability of local clothing properties and local metabolic heat production

“…A different approach is taken by Wissler, who calculated metabolic heat production based on chemical reactions using O 2 and glucose intake in the body. For the multisegmental TP models by Smith, Fu and Foda et al., the approach to local metabolic heat production is not clear from the published papers.…”

An Air Distribution Index for Assessing the Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in Uniform and Nonuniform Thermal Environments

“…The MS-Pierce model [16] was developed on the basis of the original 2-node Pierce model [22] using: measured data in neutral condition to adjust the local skin set-points and to calculate the local core set-points (using a line search method) that allows the model to predict the skin temperatures in the neutral condition with high accuracy; a modified calculation procedure for the convective heat transfer coefficients; and adjustment to the heat transfer term from core to skin using a common blood temperature along with the local core temperatures. The model predictability was verified for steady-state and dynamic conditions using measured data at uniform neutral, cold and warm as well as several different asymmetric thermal conditions and produced an average absolute skin temperature deviation in the range of 0.3-0.8 K [15].…”

“…air temperature, air velocity, radiant temperature and relative humidity) and the segmental clothing insulation values from the aforementioned studies [17,18] were entered into the MS-Pierce thermoregulation model [16] to predict the local skin temperatures. The predicted local skin temperatures were correlated with the actual local comfort votes to obtain the coefficient C for the different body segments.…”

“…The multisegmental (MS) Pierce model [16] was coupled with the UCB comfort model to predict the local comfort under different conditions obtained from the literature. Compared with subjective data, the results showed satisfactory predictions and were nearly in good agreement with predictions using the equivalent temperature (teq) approach of Nilsson's model [17].…”