A new approach to visualizing the carbon black/natural rubber interaction layer in carbon black-filled natural rubber vulcanizates and to elucidating the dependence of mechanical properties on quantitative parameters

Kato, Atsushi; Ikeda, Yuko; Tsushi, Ryota; Kokubo, Yota; Kojima, Nobuo

doi:10.1007/s00396-013-2948-3

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Figure 9 shows transmission electron micro tomography (TEMT) images for natural rubber filled with the carbon black. 33) The fillers are well dispersed in the rubber, when the fraction is 10 phr.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling the Performance of Filled Rubbers

Kawahara

Yamamoto²,

Isono

2014

J. Soc. Rheol., Jpn

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Performance of filled rubber, which depended on the application such as tires, engine mounts, belts, seismic isolation rubber and rubber rollers, was described in conjunction with properties, i.e. strength, elasticity, viscosity, hardness, durability, weather resistance, conductivity, etc. Factors to control the properties were discussed in detail, which was associated with the amount of filler, the primary structure of filler, the secondary structure of its aggregate, and its distribution. In particular, the properties were related to rubber-rubber, rubber-filler and filler-filler interactions, which were inherently held in the filled rubber. The state of art technology and evolutionary prospect were described to control performance of tires, engine mounts, belts, seismic isolation rubber, rubber rollers and so forth. Key Words: Rubber / Carbon black † E-mail: kawahara@mst.nagaokaut.ac.jp

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 nm which is the resolution of a TEMT images and indicate the adjacent CB aggregates in different color. 33) , Copyright © 2013, Springer Science + Business Media. The image is taken for natural rubber grafted with polystyrene as a model of the filled rubber with the nanomatrix structure.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Performance of Filled Rubbers

Kawahara

Yamamoto²,

Isono

2014

J. Soc. Rheol., Jpn

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“…13,14 The bound rubber is defined as a polymer film of a few nanometers 12-16 fixed at the particle rubber interface and thus resistant to dissolution in solvent.More in detail, this film was described as a primary layer of tightly bound rubber interacting with the filler through Van der Waals or chemical bonds (e.g. The nanocomposites were used as models to study the influence of the particle shape on the formation of nanoscale immobilized rubber at the silica-rubber interface and its effect on the dynamic-mechanical behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEM and AFM tapping mode analyses of nanocomposites demonstrated that the silica particles are surrounded by a rubber layer immobilized at the particle surface. [13][14][15][16] Rubber occluded inside the particle aggregates 20-21 has also been considered as a component of the bound rubber other than that due to direct filler rubber interaction. Dynamic measurements demonstrate that rod-like particles induce stronger reinforcement of the rubber, increasing with the AR.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The filler–rubber interface in styrene butadiene nanocomposites with anisotropic silica particles: morphology and dynamic properties

et al. 2015

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Silica-styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were prepared by using shape-controlled spherical and rod-like silica nanoparticles (NPs) with different aspect ratios (AR = 1-5), obtained by a sol-gel route assisted by a structure directing agent. The nanocomposites were used as models to study the influence of the particle shape on the formation of nanoscale immobilized rubber at the silica-rubber interface and its effect on the dynamic-mechanical behavior. TEM and AFM tapping mode analyses of nanocomposites demonstrated that the silica particles are surrounded by a rubber layer immobilized at the particle surface. The spherical filler showed small contact zones between neighboring particles in contact with thin rubber layers, while anisotropic particles (AR > 2) formed domains of rods preferentially aligned along the main axis. A detailed analysis of the polymer chain mobility by different time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) techniques evidenced a population of rigid rubber chains surrounding particles, whose amount increases with the particle anisotropy, even in the absence of significant differences in terms of chemical crosslinking. Dynamic measurements demonstrate that rod-like particles induce stronger reinforcement of rubber, increasing with the AR. This was related to the self-alignment of the anisotropic silica particles in domains able to immobilize rubber.

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