A new approach to the construct of alertness

Shapiro, Colin M.; Auch, Christine; Reimer, Marlene; Kayumov, Leonid; Heslegrave, Ronald J.; Huterer, Nada; Driver, Helen S.; Devins, Gerald M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.012

Cited by 62 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep deprivation negatively affect functioning, resulting in decreased productivity, 17,18 increased errors and workplace accidents, 19,20 traffic collisions, 21,22 and deterioration of relationships, 23 and may trigger a general decline in health and well-being. 24,25 Fatigue, often reported by shift workers, is significantly ( p ¼ 0.01) correlated with poorer sleep quality, 26 and based on a large epidemiological study, females are twice as likely to report workplace fatigue (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.9-2.8). 9 The impact of shift schedule on sleep also deserves consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Health Consequences of Shift Work in Women

Chung

Wolf

Shapiro

2009

Journal of Women's Health

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Women constitute about half the work force, and women shift workers warrant special attention given the different physiological needs of women, their reproductive status, and the added burden of family responsibilities. There is increasing evidence that women have greater difficulty adjusting to shift work compared to their male counterparts and that sleep problems may in large part account for this difficulty. The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature to highlight the differential negative impact of shift work on sleep and other health issues in women and as part of a needs assessment to promote research in female shift workers by developing and prioritizing research questions in this field. The literature suggests that women shift workers report poor sleep quality and experience reproductive disturbances, an increased risk of breast cancer, and a greater risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Health Consequences of Shift Work in Women

Chung

Wolf

Shapiro

2009

Journal of Women's Health

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“…Neuropsychometric tests were carried out every 2 h, except for the vigilance test, which was carried out every 4 h. The neuropsychometric parameters tested were alertness, vigilance, mood, sleepiness, and fatigue. Subjective alertness was measured using a state derivative of the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT) self-report questionnaire (55). The THAT is a 10-item alertness rating scale that assesses a range of activities such as ability to concentrate, think of new ideas, or focus on a task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral modulation attenuates molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral disruption induced by nocturnal light exposure

Rahman

Marcu²,

Shapiro

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Rahman SA, Marcu S, Shapiro CM, Brown TJ, Casper RF. Spectral modulation attenuates molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral disruption induced by nocturnal light exposure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 300: E518 -E527, 2011. First published December 21, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00597.2010.-The human eye serves distinctly dual roles in image forming (IF) and non-image-forming (NIF) responses when exposed to light. Whereas IF responses mediate vision, the NIF responses affect various molecular, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral variables. NIF responses can have acute and circadian phase-shifting effects on physiological variables. Both the acute and phase-shifting effects induced by photic stimuli demonstrate short-wavelength sensitivity peaking Ϸ450 -480 nm. In the current study, we examined the molecular, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral effects of completely filtering (0% transmission) all short wavelengths Ͻ480 nm and all short wavelengths Ͻ460 nm or partially filtering (ϳ30% transmission) Ͻ480 nm from polychromatic white light exposure between 2000 and 0800 in healthy individuals. Filtering short wavelengths Ͻ480 nm prevented nocturnal light-induced suppression of melatonin secretion, increased cortisol secretion, and disrupted peripheral clock gene expression. Furthermore, subjective alertness, mood, and errors on an objective vigilance task were significantly less impaired at 0800 by filtering wavelengths Ͻ480 nm compared with unfiltered nocturnal light exposure. These changes were not associated with significantly increased sleepiness or fatigue compared with unfiltered light exposure. The changes in molecular, endocrine, and neurobehavioral processes were not significantly improved by completely filtering Ͻ460 nm or partially filtering Ͻ480 nm compared with unfiltered nocturnal light exposure. Repeated light-dark cycle alterations as in rotating nightshifts can disrupt circadian rhythms and induce health disorders. The current data suggest that spectral modulation may provide an effective method of regulating the effects of light on physiological processes. circadian rhythms; short-wavelength light; melatonin; cortisol; alertness; mood; sleepiness.VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES follow circadian (near-24-h) rhythms regulated by an endogenous pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN integrate endogenous and exogenous cues and synchronize the timing of physiological processes to environmental cycles (10). In most species, light is the strongest environmental time cue that resets circadian rhythms. Repeated changes in light-dark cycles, as in the case of shift work, can disrupt the synchronization between individual physiological processes and the synchronization between endogenous and external environmental rhythms, consequently inducing a wide range of health disorders (24, 54).In addition to phase-resetting effects, light exposure can also induce acute effects such as altered sympathetic regulation (50), rapid suppression of melatonin secretion (6...

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“…As part of the survey, outcome measures, including the ESS, 17,18 the Short Form-12 (SF-12), 20,21 the Medical Outcomes study 6-item Cognitive Function Scale (CF6), 22 the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), 23 and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Scale (WPAI) 24 were then administered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%