A new approach to recording nasal fracture in skeletonized individuals

Magalhães, Bruno M.; Mays, Simon; Santos, Ana Luı́sa

doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.04.003

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The facial bones and the nasal cavity were macroscopically examined with the help of artificial light and a magnifying lens. Five morphological characteristics were studied, as detailed by Magalhães et al (2020): “side of fracture” (the side of fracture of the nasal bones or the frontal processes of the maxillae), “side of deviation” (regardless the side of fracture, the side to where the nasal bones and/or frontal processes of the maxillae are deflected), “type of fracture” (comminuted or other), “other facial fractures” (fracture of any other bone of the facial osseous structure), and “bone remodeling” (healed, remodeling, or not remodeled). The method was developed to improve our ability to distinguish the direction and type of impact causing the lesion in the facial and/or nasal area indicating, for instance, that a lateral impact force is typical of interpersonal violence (Magalhães et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testing of the hypotheses that form the basis of our work depend (inter alia) upon our ability to distinguish nasal fracture due to violence from that due to accident and also upon the interpretation of age patterns in the fracture. We used published methodology to distinguish the former (Magalhães et al, 2020). Although we believe that this morphological technique is helpful for inferring violent versus accidental causation, its efficacy requires further evaluation.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies of nasal fracture in paleopathology (de la Cova, 2010, 2012; Djurić et al, 2006; Krakowka, 2017; Walker, 1997, 2001) have not tried to discriminate between intentional or accidental injury using patterns of fracture. However, Magalhães et al (2020), using clinical literature indicating predominance of lateral force in facial injuries due to interpersonal violence, suggested that laterally displaced nasal fracture may characterize injury of the nasal bone due to violence. Although clearly not an absolute criterion as lateral force may also occur in accidents, this may nevertheless be useful in biocultural studies of violence in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although clearly not an absolute criterion as lateral force may also occur in accidents, this may nevertheless be useful in biocultural studies of violence in the past. In addition, those authors also point out that the relative degree of force in facial injuries suffered by different individuals may be inferred by the nature of fractures to the nasal and paranasal area, with high‐energy impacts being associated with comminuted fractures, which may involve not only the nasal bones but also other facial bones (Magalhães et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A biocultural study of nasal fracture, violence, and gender using 19th–20th century skeletal remains from Portugal

Magalhães

Mays

Stark

et al. 2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Nasal fracture is usually described as the most common type of fracture of the facial bones, either alone or associated with other fractures. This work aims to study the nasal fracture among Portuguese individuals from the 19th and 20th centuries. The focus is on patterning in trauma in relation to gender and in the attempt to distinguish violent from accidental injury. The sample comprises 2023 (52.6% males, 47.4% females) individuals from three Portuguese identified skeletal collections who were born between 1804 and 1951 and died between 1895 and 1969. Age at death ranges between 1 and 109 years old. Nasal and other facial fractures were studied, and violent versus accidental trauma were distinguished following Magalhães et al. (2020). Nasal fracture was more frequent in males (10.4%, 101/969) than in females (5.9%, 47/800). This was true both for fracture inferred due to violence (laterally deviated fracture) and due to accident. Sixty‐one point five percent (91/148) of the individuals show a lateral impact force deviation. Comminutions correspond to 18.4% (26/141) of the total, and 12.8% (19/148) have other facial fractures. There is no association between nasal fracture and risk of death for both sexes, but the males seem to show a higher tendency for nasal fracture earlier in life than the females. The differences of nasal fracture between sexes are in accordance with the historical data showing that men had more social and cultural opportunities to engage in violent encounters. Although the percentage in women is lower, the majority of laterally deviated noses and isolated, non‐comminuted nasal fractures in both sexes show that interpersonal violence may have played an important role in the results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A biocultural study of nasal fracture, violence, and gender using 19th–20th century skeletal remains from Portugal

Magalhães

Mays

Stark

et al. 2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…An abundance of bioarchaeological treatments of violence includes Anderson et al (2018), Domett et al (2011), Harrod and Martin (2014), Klaus and Toyne (2016); Knüsel and Smith (2014): Martin and Frayer (1997), Martin and Anderson (2014), Martin et al (2012), Redfern (2016), Redfern and Fibiger (2019) and Walker (2001). Attention to data recording systems is also important so that comparisons can be made between studies and etiologies assigned (e.g., Magalhães et al, 2020).…”

Section: Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty‐first century bioarchaeology: Taking stock and moving forward

Buikstra

DeWitte

Baker

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled “Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward,” which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6–8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the School of Human Evolution and Social Change (ASU), and the Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), the Workshop's overall goal was to explore reasons why research proposals submitted by bioarchaeologists, both graduate students and established scholars, fared disproportionately poorly within recent NSF Anthropology Program competitions and to offer advice for increasing success. Therefore, this Workshop comprised 43 international scholars and four advanced graduate students with a history of successful grant acquisition, primarily from the United States. Ultimately, we focused on two related aims: (1) best practices for improving research designs and training and (2) evaluating topics of contemporary significance that reverberate through history and beyond as promising trajectories for bioarchaeological research. Among the former were contextual grounding, research question/hypothesis generation, statistical procedures appropriate for small samples and mixed qualitative/quantitative data, the salience of Bayesian methods, and training program content. Topical foci included ethics, social inequality, identity (including intersectionality), climate change, migration, violence, epidemic disease, adaptability/plasticity, the osteological paradox, and the developmental origins of health and disease. Given the profound changes required globally to address decolonization in the 21st century, this concern also entered many formal and informal discussions.

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A new approach to recording nasal fracture in skeletonized individuals

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

A biocultural study of nasal fracture, violence, and gender using 19th–20th century skeletal remains from Portugal

A biocultural study of nasal fracture, violence, and gender using 19th–20th century skeletal remains from Portugal

Twenty‐first century bioarchaeology: Taking stock and moving forward

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