A new approach to monitoring trace element concentrations and speciation in wounds and wound fluids

Taylor, David; Liyanage, J.A.; Williams, David R.; Harding, Keith

doi:10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00268-6

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In intact skin, outward diffusion of calcium is likely to be low, but some will be eliminated in sebum and sweat, 37,38 with a minimal amount in keratinocytes desquammated from the skin surface (electron microscopic studies aided by ion‐capture cytochemistry have shown that only low levels of calcium are present in terminal keratinocytes, suggesting that some of that accumulating in the stratum corneum is recycled) 39,40 . Some calcium loss is to be expected in wound exudates and cellular debris associated with wounds 41,42 …”

Section: Calcium Uptake and Intestinal Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium: a potential central regulator in wound healing in the skin

Lansdown

2002

Wound Repair Regeneration

309

201

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Calcium has an established role in the normal homeostasis of mammalian skin and serves as a modulator in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Gradients of calcium concentration increasing from 0.5 mM in the basal layer to > 1.4 mM in the stratum granulosum are consistent with migration patterns in response to minor abrasion (normal wear). Dermal fibroblasts require calcium but are approximately 100 times less sensitive than keratinocytes. Normal calcium metabolism in the skin is dependent on cell membrane and cytosolic calcium binding proteins (calmodulin, cadherins, etc.), but their modulation through parathyroid hormone, vitamin D or growth factors in normal or damaged tissue is not well documented. In wound repair, calcium is predominantly involved as Factor IV in the hemostatic phase, but it is expected to be required in epidermal cell migration and regeneration patterns in later stages of healing. Calcium alginate dressings are designed to liberate calcium early in the acute phase to promote hemostasis, but it is presently unclear whether the supplementary calcium influences the intracellular environment at later stages of wound repair, notably during the remodeling phase. Although experimental studies suggest that control of calcium is obligatory in wound management, we know very little as to how calcium in the wound bed is modulated through hormones, vitamin D, or various growth factors. Also, there is limited information as to how calcium released either from dressings, platelets, or from the circulation through the action of parathyroid hormone, growth factors or other modulators influences cell migration and remodeling in skin wounds, although experimental models suggest that management of calcium is essential in wound management.

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Section: Calcium Uptake and Intestinal Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium: a potential central regulator in wound healing in the skin

Lansdown

2002

Wound Repair Regeneration

309

201

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“…Only increases in total protein and albumin levels showed any correlation with healing status. Examination of transition metal ion (Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ ) concentrations in wound fluids has identified significant increases in Zn 2+ concentrations in acute wound fluid, compared with plasma levels, although increases in Cu 2+ concentrations were less apparent 65,66 . Such findings have led these researchers to suggest an extension of their studies to chronic wound fluids, particularly given the elevated concentrations of these cations during the inflammatory stages of healing 74 .…”

Section: Other Biochemical Markers In Wound Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular matrix metabolites as potential biomarkers of disease activity in wound fluid: lessons learned from other inflammatory diseases?

et al. 2004

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The new era of pharmacogenetics has identified a potential for individuals to receive customized treatments for a variety of disease states. For such individualized treatments to fulfil their potential, it will be essential for clinicians to be able to monitor disease activity, ideally in a rapid, noninvasive fashion. The accessibility of the skin offers much potential to develop noninvasive tests of metabolic and disease activity for clinical use. Impaired human wound healing in the skin is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the development of such tests has considerable potential, aiding clinical decision making and monitoring responses to treatment. This review article discusses how studies in other human diseases have highlighted potential biochemical markers (biomarkers) of disease activity in secreted biofluids, as aids to determining disease and metabolic activity within tissues. Using, as examples, lessons learned in the study of disease activity and prognosis of other chronic inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis and periodontal disease, this review highlights the potential of dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagens, proteoglycans, hyaluronan and glycoproteins) for such uses. The limitations of currently utilized techniques and the concept that analysis of ECM components in wound fluid may represent useful biomarkers of disease activity are also discussed.

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“…Samples of acute wound tissue were also collected from the sites of fresh wounds from surgical theatres which were apparently healing normally and they were regarded as the fresh tissue samples. All the samples were stored in polypropylene vials at freezing conditions until analysed (Taylor et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound tissue concentration of essential elements and healing of leg ulcers in Sri Lankan patients: is there a link?

Liyanage

Rodrigo

Wijeratne

2008

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Wounds are likely to have existed ever since mankind has existed. Wound healing is an enormously complicated process and the actual scientific mechanisms and events that take place during healing are far more complex and dynamic than might be imagined. Essential elements, especially trace elements are believed to be pivotal to the wound healing process. Their involvement in tissue regeneration and repair appears to be wide ranging and their deficiencies have been reported to impair the healing process. However, further research is required to establish the involvement of trace elements and their specific species in the wound healing process.Thus assessments of trace element levels in wound tissues using new, reliable, verified and validated technologies could be beneficial for trace element based wound healing. Here, is an attempt made to assess the link between trace element concentrations and healing processes of chronic and acute wounds. Wound tissue samples from 58 chronic leg ulcers and 50 acute wounds were analysed for concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, Sn, Cr, Cd and Pb using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Blood samples were also collected from the same patients and analysed in the same manner. All the data were tested for normality by Ryan -Joiner normality test (a ¼ 0:05) and oneway ANOVA was done for the normally distributed data.The results showed that the concentration of Ca, Zn, Cu and Mn were similar in both acute and chronic wounds. Apart from Ca, which showed elevated concentrations, other metal concentrations are either similar or lower than the analysed concentrations in blood. It appears that there is a significant difference in the concentrations of iron accumulated in the tissues of chronic and acute wounds.The concentrations of Sn, Cr, Cd and Pb, which are considered as toxic metals, were not present in detectable levels with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in both types of wound tissues.

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A new approach to monitoring trace element concentrations and speciation in wounds and wound fluids

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Calcium: a potential central regulator in wound healing in the skin

Calcium: a potential central regulator in wound healing in the skin

Extracellular matrix metabolites as potential biomarkers of disease activity in wound fluid: lessons learned from other inflammatory diseases?

Wound tissue concentration of essential elements and healing of leg ulcers in Sri Lankan patients: is there a link?

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