A new approach to define an economically important fish as an umbrella flagship species to enhance collaborative stakeholder-management agency habitat conservation

The concept of “state fishes of India”: Current status, knowledge gaps, and strategic plans for conservation and sustainable utilization

“…Gupta et al (2014) reported positive stakeholder support for the flagship species approach for golden mahseer (T. putitora) in the rivers of Uttarakhand because of their economic importance in recreational fishery. Wilson et al (2023) explored the advantages of defining common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) as flagship species in the mangrove ecosystem that benefitted the conservation of more than 55 native fishes and added conservation value to the mangroves of the region. ( Basavaraja et al, 2019), T. mahanadicus in the Mahanadi River (Badapanda, 1996), E. suratensis in peninsular India (Padmakumar et al, 2010), whereas O. belangeri is endemic to the eastern part of Manipur (Basudha & Viswanath, 1999) and N. hexagonolepis and S. modestus both endemic to the northeastern Himalayan rivers (Singh & Sarma, 2015).…”

“…“Flagship species” are charismatic animals, selected based on non‐biological attributes, whose protection is assumed to positively correlate with the conservation of other species or communities and habitats by promoting public awareness and stakeholder support (Gupta et al, 2014; Naskrecki, 2013; Rhode, 2021; Wilson et al, 2023). The major criteria considered for choosing such ambassador species, namely, cultural and ecological significance, positive interactions/benefits to society, and easy recognition among the public (Macdonald et al, 2017), also overlap with the themes considered for choosing state fishes in India.…”

“…Gupta et al (2014) reported positive stakeholder support for the flagship species approach for golden mahseer ( T. putitora ) in the rivers of Uttarakhand because of their economic importance in recreational fishery. Wilson et al (2023) explored the advantages of defining common snook ( Centropomus undecimalis ) as flagship species in the mangrove ecosystem that benefitted the conservation of more than 55 native fishes and added conservation value to the mangroves of the region. The successful implementation of a flagship species approach based on state fishes may create mass awareness of nature conservation, fundraising, and spatial conservation planning and link the stakeholders and resource managers in the conservation process that benefits all associated biota.…”

Sampling design modifications to a fishery-independent monitoring survey balance the maintenance of long-term data with emerging management needs and funding limitations

“…Snook geospatial distributions were also evaluated to determine which areas were used by juvenile snook in each estuary. Tidal tributaries (i.e., tidal creeks and rivers) represent primary nursery areas for snook and other species in many of the estuarine systems in Central and South Florida (Peters et al, 1998;Wilson et al, 2022), and their proximity to snook spawning grounds (i.e., ocean inlets and passes) influences juvenile recruitment into tidal tributaries (Wilson et al, 2022). Main-stem and backwater tidal tributaries (i.e., smaller tributaries, embayments, and coastal ponds) bordered by mangrove and salt marsh provide juveniles ample forage and protection from predators (McMichael et al, 1989;Brame et al, 2014).…”

The Population, Medicinal Potential, And Chemical Properties of the Field Blewit (Blue Stalk Mushroom) Lepista Personata (Fr.) Cooke

“…It is also rich in thiamine and riboflavin. Wood tea is also known for its antibacterial properties [9][10][11][12] . As long as the mushroom is cooked well, eating it should not cause any kind of illness.…”