A New Approach to Calculate the Water Exploitation Index (WEI+)

Casadei, Stefano; Peppoloni, Francesco; Pierleoni, Arnaldo

doi:10.3390/w12113227

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Moreover, WSI original definition is a ratio between water consumption and water availability intended to measure water stress in a country [ 21 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. It does not care if the products and services are for exporting and does not include goods and services consumed in the country with water abstracted in other countries [ 21 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. In this paper, virtual water is embedded in the water stress indicators.…”

Section: Research Framework and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water stress assessment models mainly include Falkenmark Index (Per capita water availability, FI) [ 42 ], Water Stress Index (the ratio of total annual freshwater withdrawals to annual water availability, WSI) [ 48 ], Criticality Ratio (Ratio of water use to availability, CR) [ 42 ], and Water Exploitation Index (the ratio of abstraction minus returns to renewable water resources minus environmental flow) [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Although there are differences in the literal meaning of these definitions, actually, the essence of these definitions all centered on water consumption and water availability.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the water stress assessment measurement method. As current water stress assessment indexes (such as Falkenmark Index, Criticality ratio, Water Stress Index, Water Exploitation Index) are all centered on water consumption and water availability [ 21 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. In addition, we focus on the water stress caused by the consumptive use and water availability of surface water resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Invisible Effect of Virtual Water Transfer on Water Quantity Conflict in Transboundary Rivers—Taking Ili River as a Case

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Water stress in countries within a drainage basin exacerbates the water quantity conflict in transboundary rivers. However, few studies considered the invisible effect of virtual water transfer on water quantity conflict by intensifying water stress. Therefore, this study, with Ili River as the case, collects data on Virtual Water Trade (VWT) from 1990 to 2015, uses water stress index (WSI) to assess water stress values under two scenarios (with or without virtual water transfer), and takes Grey Verhulst Model to predict two scenarios water stress values respectively. Next, based on the Levenberg—Marquardt (LM) Algorithm, this study compares the water quantity conflict intensity of the two scenarios, and further explores the invisible effect of virtual water transfer on the conflicts among transboundary rivers. Results show: (1) During the study period (1990–2015), water stress in China and Kazakhstan along the banks of Ili River increased in general. (2) China was basically a net exporter of virtual water during 1990–1995, and Kazakhstan became a net exporter after 1995. (3) During 2020–2025, water conflict value of Ili River without virtual water transfer is 0.458, while the value rises to 0.622 with virtual water transfer, indicating that virtual water transfer between China and Kazakhstan has an invisible enhancement on the water quantity conflict of Ili River. (4) The intensified water quantity conflict is mainly caused by the more and more serious water stress in Kazakhstan. On such basis, it is more urgent for Kazakhstan to restructure its economy and trade.

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Section: Research Framework and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Invisible Effect of Virtual Water Transfer on Water Quantity Conflict in Transboundary Rivers—Taking Ili River as a Case

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…As described, the demands by far exceed the resources, generating a structural deficit and revealing the sensitivity of the operating system to drought situations [21]. In order to determine this sensitivity, the Water Scarcity and Drought Expert Group of the European Commission presented the WEI (Water Exploitation Index), included within a series of common indicators for water scarcity and drought [44]. A WEI of over 20% indicates the presence of water stress, and over 40% indicates severe scarcity due to strong competition for water and difficulty to maintain the ecosystems [45].…”

Section: Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedures and Legal Instruments for Drought Declaration in the Segura River Basin (Spain)

Redondo-Orts

Sáez-García

López-Ortiz

2022

Water

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The phenomenon of drought and its socioeconomic and environmental consequences have been addressed in many studies, which show that anticipating its diagnosis and activating specific management measures are fundamental for providing an efficient response. In the Segura River Basin, located in south-east Spain, many episodes have occurred throughout history, with devastating effects on production and supply systems. However, they have enabled us to learn and evolve towards developing a resilient system to address these situations, through the application of external resources, transfers from other basins and non-conventional resources derived from the reuse of treated water and desalinated seawater. This evolution has been possible thanks to the advances made in hydrological planning and, specifically, the Special Drought Plans, through the development of indicator systems associated with scenarios which enable the automatic activation of specific actions to reduce the impacts. Climate change is already a reality and has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, testing the capacity to respond based on the current policies. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyse the last drought occurring in the Segura River Basin in the period 2015–2019 by comparing the status indicators developed for detecting drought in the SDP 2007 with its subsequent review carried out in the year 2018, in which these indicators were updated and expanded so as to cover both drought and scarcity. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis has been made of the approved legislation and the measures adopted which consisted in the mobilisation of more than 600 hm³ of extraordinary resources, which have been able to maintain the supply to the population and minimise the economic losses of the productive systems, particularly in irrigated agriculture.

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“…Cardoso et al [32] developed a web GIS platform to support urban flood risk forecast and management providing urban analysis visualization. Other studies also developed web GIS applications considering different topics [25,26,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS Open-Source Plugins Development: A 10-Year Bibliometric Analysis on Scientific Literature

Duarte

Teodoro

2021

Geomatics

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Background: The advent of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has changed the way people think and interact with the world. The main objectives of this paper are: (i) to provide an overview of 10 years (2010–2020) regarding the creation/development of GIS open-source applications; and (ii) to evaluate the GIS open-source plugins for environmental science. Methods: In the first objective, we evaluate the publications regarding the development of GIS open-source geospatial software in the last 10 years, considering desktop, web GIS and mobile applications, so that we can analyze the impact of this type of application for different research areas. In the second objective, we analyze the development of GIS open-source applications in the field of environmental sciences (with more focus on QGIS plugins) in the last 10 years and discuss the applicability and usability of these GIS solutions in different environmental domains. A bibliometric analysis was performed using Web of Science database and VOSViewer software. Conclusions: We concluded that, in general, the development of GIS open-source applications has increased in the last 10 years, especially GIS mobile applications, since the big data and Internet of Things (IoT) era, which was expected given the new advanced technologies available in every area, especially in GIS.

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A New Approach to Calculate the Water Exploitation Index (WEI+)

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Invisible Effect of Virtual Water Transfer on Water Quantity Conflict in Transboundary Rivers—Taking Ili River as a Case

Invisible Effect of Virtual Water Transfer on Water Quantity Conflict in Transboundary Rivers—Taking Ili River as a Case

Procedures and Legal Instruments for Drought Declaration in the Segura River Basin (Spain)

GIS Open-Source Plugins Development: A 10-Year Bibliometric Analysis on Scientific Literature

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