A new approach for professional dental bleaching using a polymeric catalyst primer

Abstract

Objective: Evaluate the influence of a polymeric catalyst primer (PCP) on esthetic efficacy (EE), degradation kinetics of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and transamelodentinal cytotoxicity (TC) of bleaching gels.

Can different agents reduce the damage caused by bleaching gel to pulp tissue? A systematic review of basic research

“…Then, 16 studies were excluded, and the reasons for their exclusion can be found in Figure 1 and Supplementary Data 1 [ 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 ]. Twenty-seven studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for qualitative analysis [ 1 3 6 11 12 17 23 24 25 26 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 ].…”

“…The majority of these studies utilized human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and mouse dental papilla Cell-23 (MDPC-23) cells, with each cell type being used in 10 studies. Of these, 8 studies employed enamel/dentin discs in conjunction with pulp cells, while the remaining studies used extracts from bleaching gel [ 6 23 45 47 57 59 60 62 ]. The bleaching gel most frequently evaluated was the HP-based gel, which was used in varying concentrations and volumes, and applied over periods ranging from 15 minutes to 12 days [ 23 24 45 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 59 60 62 ].…”

“…A wide range of substances were used in supplementary protocols, including cyclosporine A, N-acetylcysteine, horseradish peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, ferrous sulfate, manganese chloride, indole-3-acetic acid, cinnamaldehyde, alpha-tocopherol, fluoride, butein, proliferator-activated receptor gamma, sulfuretin, pachymic acid, low-molecular weight protamine, sappanchalcone, sodium ascorbate, and polymeric catalyst primer [ 6 23 24 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 ]. These substances were predominantly applied prior to the application of the bleaching gel [ 47 48 50 51 52 53 55 62 ]. Analysis periods of 1, 6, and 24 hours were most frequently reported.…”

“…Cytotoxicity was primarily evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in 17 studies, as shown in Table 2 . Many of these studies found that additional protocols helped to mitigate the cytotoxicity caused by bleaching agents [ 24 46 47 48 49 50 52 53 54 55 56 59 60 62 ]. Various substances and reagents, including 10% sodium ascorbate, butein, 10 mM of vitamin E alpha-tocopherol, indole-3-acetic acid, 1-10 mg manganese chloride, peroxidase, catalase, and horseradish peroxidase, were found to be effective in reducing cytotoxicity [ 23 24 47 53 54 57 59 60 ].…”

“…Consequently, in this systematic review, the studies that utilized enamel/dentin discs were categorized based on the discs’ diameter and thickness. A standardized thickness of 2.3 mm has been recently adopted in studies conducted by Dr. de Souza Costa’s research group [ 57 59 60 62 ], which simulates a critical distance for HP diffusion to reach the pulp chamber. Conversely, when the enamel/dentin disc was not employed, small quantities (typically in µM) or percentage HP (such as 0.018%) were applied.…”