A new Antarctic heterobranch clade is sister to all other Cephalaspidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Moles, Juan; Wägele, Heike; Schrödl, Michael; Ávila, Conxita

doi:10.1111/zsc.12199

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Antarctica has long been associated with the diversification and speciation of many benthic marine taxa (Briggs 2003;Rogers 2007;Strugnell et al 2008), including heterobranch gastropods (Wägele et al 2008;Martynov and Schrödl 2009;Moles et al 2017b). In support of this, we found that there is a multitude of undescribed species within the Antarctic species complex D. kerguelenensis (Bergh, 1884) (59 detected and more than 68 estimated).…”

Section: Future Directionssupporting

confidence: 73%

One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

et al. 2022

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The Antarctic marine environment, although rich in life, is predicted to experience rapid and significant effects from climate change. Despite a revolution in the approaches used to document biodiversity, less than one percent of Antarctic marine invertebrates are represented by DNA barcodes and we are at risk of losing biodiversity before discovery. The ease of sequencing mitochondrial DNA barcodes has promoted this relatively ‘universal’ species identification system across most metazoan phyla and barcode datasets are currently readily used for exploring questions of species-level taxonomy. Here we present the most well-sampled phylogeny of the direct-developing, Southern Ocean nudibranch mollusc, Doris kerguelenensis to date. This study sampled over 1000 new Doris kerguelenensis specimens spanning the Southern Ocean and sequenced the mitochondrial COI gene. Results of a maximum likelihood phylogeny and multiple subsequent species delimitation analyses identified 27 new species in this complex (now 59 in total). Using rarefaction techniques, we infer more species are yet to be discovered. Some species were only collected from southern South America or the sub-Antarctic islands, while at least four species were found spanning the Polar Front. This is contrary to dispersal predictions for species without a larval stage such as Doris kerguelenensis. Our work demonstrates the value of increasing geographic scope in sampling and highlights what could be lost given the current global biodiversity crisis.

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Section: Future Directionssupporting

confidence: 73%

One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

et al. 2022

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“…Since their origin in the Antarctic Southern Hemisphere (Moles et al., , b), Cephalaspidea lineages have occupied, radiated and diversified in all ocean basins (Too et al., ; Oskars et al., ; Zamora‐Silva and Malaquias, ). Among them, Philinoidea species are widespread across all oceans and bathymetric ranges, being especially speciose in the Indo‐Pacific (Price et al., ; Gonzales and Gosliner, ) and the boreal oceans (Ohnheiser and Malaquias, ; Valdés et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking Antarctic mollusc lineages: novel evidence from philinoid snails (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea)

2019

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Since its introduction, the genus Philine has epitomized numerous mollusc snails with strong morphological convergence. Recently, a molecular analysis including a wide taxon sampling split this group into four non‐sister families. Although they are especially diverse in cold and deep waters, no comprehensive studies are available for the Antarctic counterparts. Here, our morpho‐anatomical and molecular data suggest major changes in the systematics of the group. From the eight known species, two are synonymized, Antarctophiline amoena with A. alata, and A. gouldi with A. gibba, and two are transferred to the genus Antarctophiline, namely A. apertissima comb.n. and A. falklandica comb.n. Two new species are described, A. easmithi sp.n. and A. amundseni sp.n. from different depths in the eastern Weddell Sea. The elusive P. antarctica from the Ross Sea was found in the Weddell Sea and Waegelea gen.n. is erected to place this species. Both phylogenetic and morphological data support the erection of Antarctophilinidae fam.n. to embrace most of the Philinoidea species described in the Southern Ocean. Only two species of Philinidae are found in Antarctic waters, Spiraphiline bathyalis gen. et sp.n. from bathyal depths in the Weddell Sea and S. kerguelensis comb.n. from the Kerguelen Islands. In light of the new data provided for all described species and the phylogenetic framework proposed herein, we briefly discuss the diversification and biogeographical patterns of Antarctic philinoid snails. Overall, antarctophilinid species seem to have restricted and grossly nonoverlapping distributions suggesting allopatric speciation connected possibly to geographical or bathymetric isolation.

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“…Antarctica has long been considered a center of radiation of marine benthic taxa 19 – 21 , and heterobranch gastropods in particular 24 , 25 , 27 . Here, the single fossil record from the Oligocene–Early Miocene at King George Island is attributed to Antarctophilinidae (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach using ddRADseq and machine learning for understanding speciation in Antarctic Antarctophilinidae gastropods

Moles

Derkarabetian

Schiaparelli

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Sampling impediments and paucity of suitable material for molecular analyses have precluded the study of speciation and radiation of deep-sea species in Antarctica. We analyzed barcodes together with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained from double digestion restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) for species in the family Antarctophilinidae. We also reevaluated the fossil record associated with this taxon to provide further insights into the origin of the group. Novel approaches to identify distinctive genetic lineages, including unsupervised machine learning variational autoencoder plots, were used to establish species hypothesis frameworks. In this sense, three undescribed species and a complex of cryptic species were identified, suggesting allopatric speciation connected to geographic or bathymetric isolation. We further observed that the shallow waters around the Scotia Arc and on the continental shelf in the Weddell Sea present high endemism and diversity. In contrast, likely due to the glacial pressure during the Cenozoic, a deep-sea group with fewer species emerged expanding over great areas in the South-Atlantic Antarctic Ridge. Our study agrees on how diachronic paleoclimatic and current environmental factors shaped Antarctic communities both at the shallow and deep-sea levels, promoting Antarctica as the center of origin for numerous taxa such as gastropod mollusks.

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A new Antarctic heterobranch clade is sister to all other Cephalaspidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

Unmasking Antarctic mollusc lineages: novel evidence from philinoid snails (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea)

An approach using ddRADseq and machine learning for understanding speciation in Antarctic Antarctophilinidae gastropods

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