A new Amazonian Cryptocellus Westwood (Arachnida, Ricinulei)

Tourinho, Ana Lúcia; Azevedo, Clarissa Salette De

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1540.1.2

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Ricinulei, or hooded tick spiders, are the least speciose arachnid order comprising only 58 described species ( Prendini, 2011 ). Ricinulei appear to inhabit damp tropical environments such as wet leaf litter and caves ( Gertsch, 1971 ; Cokendolpher & Enríquez, 2004 ; Cooke, 1967 ; Tourinho & Azevedo, 2007 ). Features of the group include a locking ridge between the prosoma and opisthosoma, and, uniquely, a hood that can cover the mouthparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in the Arachnid orders

McLean

Garwood

Brassey

2018

PeerJ

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Sexual differences in size and shape are common across the animal kingdom. The study of sexual dimorphism (SD) can provide insight into the sexual- and natural-selection pressures experienced by males and females in different species. Arachnids are diverse, comprising over 100,000 species, and exhibit some of the more extreme forms of SD in the animal kingdom, with the males and females of some species differing dramatically in body shape and/or size. Despite this, research on arachnid SD has primarily focused on specific clades as opposed to observing traits across arachnid orders, the smallest of which have received comparatively little attention. This review provides an overview of the research to date on the trends and potential evolutionary drivers for SD and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in individual arachnid orders, and across arachnids as a whole. The most common trends across Arachnida are female-biased SSD in total body size, male-biased SSD in relative leg length and SD in pedipalp length and shape. However, the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits within the group is difficult to elucidate due to uncertainty in arachnid phylogenetic relationships. Based on the dataset we have gathered here, we highlight gaps in our current understanding and suggest areas for future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in the Arachnid orders

McLean

Garwood

Brassey

2018

PeerJ

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“…becki and Cryptocellus witticki , and in the species discussion the authors mentioned that “some structures of C . icamiabas give the impression of a morphological mosaic of two, three and sometimes even four different species” (Tourinho & Salette de Azevedo, 2007). Perhaps this is part of the regional variation of a broadly distributed species, as suggested by our species delimitation analyses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the real magnitude of the arachnid order Ricinulei through deep Sanger sequencing across its distribution range and phylogenomics, with the formalization of the first species from the Lesser Antilles

Benavides

Daniels

Giribet

2021

J Zool Syst Evol Res

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Ricinulei (hooded tick spiders or tick beetles), considered one of the smaller arachnid orders, is an ancient clade whose affinities are still debated. With three recognized genera, short‐range endemism, and strict fidelity to the landmasses that have seen them evolve for hundreds of millions of years, the group has emerged as a novel system to understand deep biogeographic processes. Here we undertake a combined approach using phylotranscriptomics and deep Sanger sequencing of 133 ricinuleid specimens to better understand their relationships, divergence times, and species ranges by using a series of species delimitation analyses. Our results support the monophyly of the three recognized genera, Ricinoides in Africa, Pseudocellus in North America, and Cryptocellus in Mesoamerica and South America. Ricinoides is further divided into two or three deep clades corresponding to different ancestral forest refugia, and the sampled Cryptocellus segregate into a Mesoamerican and a South American clade, but a new species from Tobago is the sister group to the Mesoamerican clade in the transcriptomic analysis and not part of the South American clade. Despite not being known from adults, but given the fact that this is the only Ricinulei species from the Lesser Antilles and its pivotal phylogenetic position, the species is here formalized as Cryptocellus tobagoensis Giribet & Benavides sp. nov. Finally, species delimitation methods generally do well recognizing morphospecies, but they are unable to distinguish among some of them, suggesting the need for re‐study of some of these species complexes and perhaps synonymy.

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“…Highways crossing areas of Amazonia effects the dispersal and migration of many species, causes border effect, allows the entry of squatters and causes deforestation by itself [ 33 – 35 ]. Hydroelectric dams kill and force the migration of several species due to floods of large areas; moreover, the reservoir build artificial islands affecting the composition, abundance and richness of the species living on them [ 36 , 37 ]. Likewise, mining is a central issue, once this practice irreversibly destroy unique habitats, like caves; in Brazil the concern regarding ‘conservation versus mining’ is even higher due to recent changes in laws which allows exploitation of protected areas and indigenous lands [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status

Giupponi

Miranda

2016

PLoS ONE

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Eight new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 are described for the Brazilian Amazon, from the states of Pará (C. bichuetteae sp. n., C. bonaldoi sp. n., C. carajas sp. n., C. ferreus sp. n., C. guto sp. n. and C. orientalis sp. n.) and Amazonas (Charinus brescoviti sp. n. and C. ricardoi sp. n.). All new species can be differentiated from the other species of the genus by the number of pseudo-articles in basitibia IV, the presence/absence of median eyes, and the shape of the female gonopod. Brazil now becomes the country with the largest diversity of Amblypygi in the world, with 25 known species. Half of the new species described here have a high degree of endangerment: C. bichuetteae sp. n. is threatened by the flood caused by the hydroelectric dam of Belo Monte, and C. carajas sp. n., C. ferreus sp. n. and C. orientalis sp. n. are endangered by the iron mining in Carajás municipality and surroundings. The Charinus species here described are endemic to the Amazon Region, so in order to assure their preservation, it is strongly recommended a special care with their habitats (type localities) which are facing increasing rates of destruction and deforestation.

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A new Amazonian Cryptocellus Westwood (Arachnida, Ricinulei)

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Sexual dimorphism in the Arachnid orders

Sexual dimorphism in the Arachnid orders

Understanding the real magnitude of the arachnid order Ricinulei through deep Sanger sequencing across its distribution range and phylogenomics, with the formalization of the first species from the Lesser Antilles

Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status

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