A New Alternative to Saving Our Beaches from Sea-Level Rise: The Sand Engine

Framing mechanisms: the interpretive policy entrepreneur’s toolbox

“…The first analytical step was to reconstruct the project timeline based on the interview transcripts, policy documents (Dwarshuis- Van De Beek et al 2008;Minister Van Verkeer En Waterstaat et al 2010) and documentation pertaining to the project (Bureau Landwijzer et al 2012;Dulfer et al 2014;Baltissen 2015;Stive et al 2013;Van Slobbe et al 2013). Knowledge about decisive moments enabled us to reconstruct the moments during the project when interviewees perceived changes in their own or in others' framing.…”

“…The first interviewees were initially identified from prior knowledge of the project based on their participation in the policy process. This knowledge came from reports about the case and casual conversations with involved actors (Bureau Landwijzer et al 2012;Dulfer et al 2014;Baltissen 2015;Stive et al 2013;Van Slobbe et al 2013). Consecutive interviewees were selected based on them being mentioned as important to the policy process by previous interviewees and were contacted to request an interview (Schwartz-Shea and Yanow 2012, 88).…”

“…As such, it presupposed detailed knowledge about where sea currents erode the coast and where the sand is then deposited. While the use of huge amounts of sand to build artificial islands for leisure purposes is now understood, as the Arab Peninsula and parts of coastal China testify, the Sand Motor project was the first attempt at harnessing sand for large-scale coastal protection (Stive et al 2013). 3 However, realizing such an innovative coastal protection experiment in a functioning coastal management system characterized by a complex web of responsibilities and tasks is far from easy.…”

Sensitivity analysis of climate change impacts on dune erosion: case study for the Dutch Holland coast

“…Current coastal policy in the Netherlands, however, prescribes that the amount of water in the coastal zone up to 20 m depth should remain the same. As a consequence, large-scale sand nourishments, such as the recently implemented Sand Engine (Stive et al 2013;de Schipper et al 2016), are foreseen. In this policy, no guidelines are provided as to where in the cross-shore profile sediment should be added to compensate for SLR.…”

“…Climate change could, however, also influence the offshore hydrodynamical boundary conditions (waves and storm surge levels) that impact coastal erosion. Together with SLR, this would endanger the stability and effectiveness of current hard defense and demand an up-scaling of soft-protection measures, such as mega-nourishments (Stive et al 2013;de Schipper et al 2016). It is, therefore, important to know to what extent coastal erosion could be affected by global warming-forced climate change and which hydrodynamical processes lead to these changes.…”